English Grammar: Different Topics
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Causative verbs, Action doer, Action receiver
Action doer āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžā§āĨ¤
I will have you do this.
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤)
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠you āĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϰāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāĻ you āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ action doer
Action receiver āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠verb āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒā§ā§, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
I will have you arrested.
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϰā§āĻĢāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻžāĻŦ)
She had/got her husband arrested.
(āϏ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻā§āϰā§āĻĢāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϞā§)
āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻā§āϰā§āĻĢāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāĻļ āϤāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§/her husband āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ action receiver
have/make/let + action doer + base form
He had me write his assignment.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϏāĻžāĻāύāĻŽā§āύā§āĻ āϞā§āĻāĻžāϞ)
The teacher made him leave the room.
(āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϰā§āĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϞ)
He made me work for him.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝ āĻāϰāϞ)
He let me go. (āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϞ)
āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ : get + action doer + to + base form
He get me to do the work.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϞā§)
have/make/get + action receiver + past participle
I had my hair cut. (āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āϞ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϞāĻžāĻŽ)
āύāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āϞ, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻā§āϞ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ action receiver
I got my hand burnt while cooking.
āĻšāĻžāϤ āĻĒā§ā§ā§āĻā§, āĻāĻā§āύ⧠āĻĒā§ā§āĻŋā§ā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻ hand āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ action receiver [āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒā§ā§āύ Master]
Terrorists made it known that tourists would be targeted. it āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠(āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻāĻāϰāĻž āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§) āĻā§ āĻ
āĻŦāĻāϤ āĻāϰā§āĻā§ Terrorist āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻ it āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ action receiver
āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ : let + action receiver + be + participle
Let it/the work be done. (āĻāĻāĻž/āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĻ)
Let it not be done. (āĻāĻāĻž āύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĻ)
Let him be arrested. (āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϰā§āĻĢāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĻ)
Action Doer Vs Action Receiver
Action doer = When the noun causes the action
āϝāĻāύ noun āĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠context āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠noun/pronoun āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž linking verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠present participle āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāϰ get + action doer + infinitive, have + action doer + base form
1. The tall man standing by the door is my father.
2. Donât disturb a sleeping baby.
3. He was run over by a running bus.
4. It was a very embarrassing situation.
5. Driving ambition is what most great leaders have in common.
Action receiver = the noun receives the action or receives the effect of the action
(noun āĻāĻŋ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ noun āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāϏ⧠āĻĒā§ā§)
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠context āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠noun/pronoun āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž linking verb āĻāϰ past participle āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
1. Broken bones always take time to mend.
2. I cut myself on a piece of broken glass.
3. Licenses of drunk/drunken drivers, when and if apprehended, should be banned with immediate effect and without showing any mercy.
4. I got my hair cut.
5. If you donât get out of my house, right now/away,
I will get you arrested.
or, She got her husband arrested.
5. He passed a written order.
6. There were mixed reactions after the the Bill was passed.
7. Boiled eggs were served to the players.
8. A retired officer lives next door.
9. A lost opportunity never returns.
10. The party was excellent, I would like to thank all the people concerned.
Causative verb āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§
have + action doer + base form
Or, get + action doer + full infinitive (to + base form)
The teacher had him sit/sit for the test.
I get an electrician to mend the heating.
I had him clean the floor/wash the car.
have/get + action receiver + past participle
(āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ passive āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§)
I'm going to have my hair cut.
They had the house painted.
He had his car repaired.
While cooking she got her hand burnt.
I got my leg broken in the accident.
āĻāĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻļā§āώ āύā§āĻ!
He makes me learn the lesson.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ (āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ causative verb āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ make/get/have āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāϰ help āĻŽā§āϞāϤ causative verb āύā§, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤)
āĻāĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
He helps me (to) learn the lesson.
(āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āύ)
He makes me understand the lesson.
(āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĻā§āύ/āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ)
āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻāϏā§āϝāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻ verb āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ let, make, have, get, help āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϞā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
He let me do it.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϞ/āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϞ)
He made me do it.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϞā§/āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝ āĻāϰāϞ)
He had me do it.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϞā§/āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϞā§)
He got me to do it.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϞā§/āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϰāĻžāϞā§)
He helped me (to) do it.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāϞā§)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§ : āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
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MASTER āĻŦāĻā§ā§āϰ PRONOUN āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§ā§āϰ 10 āĻāĻž āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻāϏāĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤
01. Neither of them saw ------. [âāϏāĻžāϰā§āĻā§āϞ āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāĻĄāĻā§āĻā§āύā§āĻ-ā§Ļā§Ē]
(āĻĻā§āĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύāĻŋ)
A. each other B. the other
C. one another D. other
Ans: B (the other)
Incorrect : Neither of the saw each other.
Correct: Neither of them saw the other.
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž
Neither āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ each other āĻŦāϏ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ Neither of them āĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§, āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰ each other āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϰ āύā§āĻ, āϤāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϞ⧠redundancy āĻāύāĻŋāϤ āĻā§āϞ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
(āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āϤ⧠āĻāĻ āύā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠either, neither, both āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ each other āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ redundant)
Incorrect : Neither of them trusts each other.
Correct: Neither of them trusts the other.
(āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž)
āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ,
Neither side trusts the other.
(āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž)
āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
Reza and Runa are spouses but neither of them loves the other (each other āύā§)
Rahim and Rubel were close friends. Now neither of them (likes)/(talks to) the other.
It's an absurd situation. Neither of them will talk to the other.
02. Humans are the only factors in the ecosystem ------ are responsible for the changes in the ecology.
(āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤā§āϏāĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āύāĻŋā§āĻžāĻŽāĻ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĻāĻžā§ā§)
A. which B. whom C. who D. what
āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : A (which)
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž : āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻāĻāϤāĻŽ antecedent āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ factors āϤāĻžāĻ pronoun āĻāĻŋ which āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Humans āĻāϰ the only factors āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ antecedent (Humans āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠ecosystem āύā§, āĻŦāϰāĻ humans āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ factors āϤāĻžāĻ ecosystem āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠antecedent āύā§, factors āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠which)
āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻā§āϝ, the only āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠that āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠which āĻāϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ that āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϧāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Man is the only animal that uses language/fire.
03. Choose the correct sentence.
a) None of the three will do it.
b) Neither of the three will do
c) Either of the three will do.
d) Anybody of the three will do.
Ans:d
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž
a) āϤ⧠āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ three āĻĒāϰ⧠persons (boys/men)/things (pens/book) āϞāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤
b) & c) āϤ⧠either, neither āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ either, neither āĻĻā§āĻā§ā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
d) āϤ⧠anybody āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
anybody of three will do. (āϤāĻŋāύāĻāύā§āϰ āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāϞā§āĻ āĻāϞāĻŦā§)⧎ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ d)
04. Which one of the following sentences is correct? [DU 1999-00, IU G 2013-14]
A) Selim, you and I shall be punished.
B) I, you and Selim shall be punished.
C) You, me and Selim shall be punished.
D) You, Selim and I shall be punished.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ D
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋ A text book of advanced functional English by Mohiuddin & Kashem āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻā§ā§āϰ correction āĻ
āĻāĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž:
You, Selim and I shall be punished.
āĻāĻāĻž (āĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž) āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻ 231 āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠Subject pronoun āĻŦāϏā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤ⧠āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĻā§āώ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻžāϧ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻĒāĻžā§āύāĻŋāĨ¤
āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻžāϧ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞā§
āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠123 āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 132 āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠Subject pronoun āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
I, you and he committed the crime/murder.
I, you and he are to blame.
I, you and he are guilty.
I, you and he are at fault ( = responsible) for this.
I and you broke the glass.
I and you stole the bicycle.
05. Let - introduce - to - . [CU E, Law 2015-16]
A. my, you, his
B. me, you, him
C. myself, yourself, himself
D. mine, yours, he
E. him, she, their
Ans:B
verb āĻāĻŦāĻ preposition āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠pronoun āĻāϰ object form āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§
Let me introduce you to him.
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ)
āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻā§āϝ, āĻāĻāϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠231 āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰā§
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠āϤ⧠āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠231 āĻāĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠231
The man kindly helped you, him and me.
06. Choose the correct sentence.
[āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ]
A. The presents are for you and me.
B. The presents are for you and I.
C. The presents are for me and you.
D. The presents are for I and we.
Ans:A
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠be verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠preposition 'for' āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠pronoun āĻāϰ object form āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ 231 āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ The presents are for you and me.
(āĻāĻĒāĻšāĻžāϰāĻā§āϞ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ)
āϧāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻž!
One of + possessive determiner + plural noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠A + noun + of + possessive pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
[āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠of āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠objective pronoun (me, him, you) āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞ]
possessive pronouns:
mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
One of my brothers is a doctor.
= A brother of mine is a doctor.
One of my laptops has been lost.
= A laptop of mine has been lost.
He is a friend of mine. ( = one of my friends)
I heard the news from a relative of his.
( = one of his relatives)
He is an old friend of mine. = He is one of my friends and we have been friends for a long time/I have known him for a long time.
07. When a man tended to know how I had got - contact number, I told him that I was given it by a relative of --. [BSMRSTU (F) 18-19]
A. him/him B. his/bim
C. him/his D. his/his
Ans:D
a relative of his = one of his relatives
08. A laptop of - has been lost. [MBSTU (B) 16-17]
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϞā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻāĻĒ āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āĻā§)
A. my B. mine C. me D. I
Ans:B
A laptop of mine = one of my laptops
09. You shouldnât say nasty things about Jessica.
She is a friend of ---. [CU E 02-03]
A. her B. you C. ours D. me
Ans:C
She is a friend of ours = She is one of our friends.
10. A snake can eat and digest animals much larger than -------------. [DU B 2013-14]
(āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻžāĻĒ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāĻā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻšāĻāĻŽ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§)
A. it B. itself C. its D. it has
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ B. itself
āϝāĻāύ subject āĻāĻŦāĻ verb/preposition āĻāϰ object āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻāύ object āĻāϰ āϏā§āĻĨāϞ⧠reflexive pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Incorrect: I love me.
Correct: I love myself.
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻž Barron's TOEFL āĻāϰ Problem 50 āĻāϰ Part A āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰ⧠āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
The jaw structure of a snake permits it to eat and digest animals much larger than ---
A. it B. itself C. its D. it has
Ans: B. (itself)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
=====================
MASTER āĻŦāĻā§ā§āϰ NOUN āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϰ 11 āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύāĨ¤
01. The committee ---- unable to agree on this question.
A. is B. was C. were D. none
Ans:C (British English āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤)
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻāĻŋ A text book of Advanced Functional English by Mohiuddin & Kashem āĻŦāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻšā§āĻŦā§āĻšā§ āύā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤āĨ¤
The committee were unable to agree on this question/point. (āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§/āĻŦāĻŋāώā§ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĻŋ)
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠unable to agree = disagree
āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āύā§, āϤāĻžāĻ plural verb (were) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary āϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻā§ āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠was āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
The jury was unable to reach a verdict.
02. I recognised your voice at once.
Here 'voice' is a/an ----- noun
A) common B) abstract
C) material D) none
Ans:A
voice āĻāϰ plural form āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ article 'a/an' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāĻ voice āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ common noun
I could hear the sound of several voices.
She could hear voices in the kitchen.
I could hear voices in the next room.
He spoke in a loud/clear/deep voice.
"I can't bear it," he said in a choked voice.
03. Which of the following word is not similar to 'school'? [IU āĻ 10-11, BBA 15-16]
A. flock B. herd C. college D. pack
Ans:C
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž : āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠school āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§ āϝāĻž āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠collective noun āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ flock, herd, pack āĻāϰāĻžāĻ collective noun āĻāϰ college āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ common noun
04. An army is ---
A. Common noun
B. Collective noun
Ans:B
Collective noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ article (a/an/the) āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ a team, the committee, a family, an army
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϰāĻž common noun āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
two teams, many teams, several families, many families, five families āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
05. āĻā§āύāĻāĻŋ Abstract noun?
[āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ (āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏāĻžāύāĻĨāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŽ)-⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍]
A. Agency
B. Infant
C. Anxious
D. Grand
Ans: A (Agency-āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ)
Infant (common noun) - infancy (abstract noun)
[infantry (āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύā§)- collective noun ]
Anxious (adjective) - Anxiety (abstract noun)
Grand (adjective) - grandeur (āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāύāĻāĻžāϰ)- abstract noun
06. What kind of noun is 'money'? [IU H 14- 15,
āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āĻļāϞ āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āĻļāϞā§-⧧⧝]
A. collective B. abstract
C. countable D. uncountable
Ans:D
What kind of noun 'money'? [āĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻŽāϏāĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞā§ā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāĻ (āϏā§āĻĢāĻāĻŋ) ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝]
A. collective noun B. abstract noun
C. countable noun D. uncountable noun
Ans:D
Money āĻā§āύ uncountable noun?
Money āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž "āĻāĻžāĻāĻž" āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻŋ money āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠"āĻāĻžāĻāĻž" āĻŦāϞā§? āύāĻž, āĻŦāϞ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤
(āĻāĻžāĻāĻž, āĻĄāϞāĻž, āĻĒāĻžāĻāύā§āĻĄ, āύā§āĻ, āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ āĻāĻāĻ)
a money, one money, two moneys, moneys āĻšā§ āύāĻž āϤāĻžāĻ money āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ uncountable noun āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
uncountable noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ a/an, number āĻŦāϏ⧠āύāĻž āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāϰ plural form āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠money āĻāϰ countable noun āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ a dollar, a pound, a taka, a note, a coin āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
Star āĻā§āύ countable noun?
07. Which one of the following fall under uncountable noun? [SUST B 2008-09]
A. Star B. Rice C. Field C. Foe (āĻĢā§-āĻļāϤā§āϰā§)
Ans:B
Star āĻā§ countable noun āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§?
Man, cow āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠star āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ a/an āĻŦāϏāĻžāύ⧠āϝāĻžā§, star āĻāϰ plural āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
The sun is a star.
There are millions of stars in space. (the space āύā§)
We looked up at the stars in the sky.
The sky is devoid of stars.
At night you can see the stars.
(star āĻ
āϏāĻāĻā§āϝ āϤā§āĻŽāύāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ, āĻāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻ
āϏāĻāĻā§āϝ, āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŖāύāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āύā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŖāύāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž countable noun āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§)
The sun is a -------.
[IFIC Bank Ltd. Transaction Service Officer 2019]
A. Asteroid B. Star
C. Planet D. Matter
Ans:B
āĻ
āύā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
08. Journey āĻā§āύ noun?
A. Abstract noun B. Common noun
Ans: B
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž
Journey āĻāϰ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ countable noun āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ a/an āĻŦāϏāĻžāύ⧠āϝāĻžā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ plural āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŖāύāĻžāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āϤāĻžāĻ journey āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ common noun
A journey by bus/train/boal/plane etc.
Last year we had a journey across Europe by train.
I made a journey of 10 miles by car.
I wish you a safe journey.
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻŋ)
= (May you) Have a safe journey!
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšā§āĻ)
It is a seven-hour train journey from Rajshahi to Dhaka. (āϰāĻžāĻāĻļāĻžāĻšā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĸāĻžāĻāĻž āϏāĻžāϤ āĻāύā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϰā§āύ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ)
I love going on long journeys.
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Travel āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ uncount noun āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ Abstract noun
My job involves a lot of travel.
āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ
āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ (journeys) āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠travels āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Gulliver's Travels is still favourite.
The novel is based on his travels in Europe.
09. Prices have increased by ---- 300 percent.
Applications have risen --- by 60% this year.
A. as many as
B. as much as
Ans:B (as much as)
Per cent /percent (%) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāĻ as much as āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠as much as āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠as little as āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Prices have risen/increased by as much as 300%.
Prices have reduced/decreased by as little as 30%
10. It costs relatively --- and you can save a lot.
A. a little B. little C. small
Ans: B (little)
relatively + positive degree of adjective/adverb
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠cost āĻā§ modify āĻāϰāϤ⧠adverb āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ little āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠adjective āĻāĻŦāĻ adverb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ It + costs + relatively little āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Subject + LV (linking verb) + relatively small.
It is relatively small. It costs relatively little.
11. ----- in this display is on sale.
[āĻāϰā§āĻŽāϏāĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĒ-āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§]
A. Each furniture
B. Each pieces of furniture
C. Each piece of furniture
D. Each furnitures
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ C. Each piece of furniture
Each piece of furniture in this display is on sale.
(UK- āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āϤ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ US- āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āϤ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āϤ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāĻŦā§)
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž
Each, Every, Another āĻāĻ determiner āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ singular countable noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ furniture āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ Each āĻŦāϏāĻžāύ⧠āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻž, āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠uncountable noun "furniture" āĻā§ countable noun āĻ āϰā§āĻĒāĻžāύā§āϤāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§, āϏā§āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ piece of āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž item of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ Each āϝā§āĻšā§āϤ⧠singular āϤāĻžāĻ Each piece of furniture āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ-
āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠furniture āĻāϰ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠piece/item of furniture
āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ :
ā§§. āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏā§āϰ āĻāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
The furniture of the office will be sold.
⧍. āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻŦā§āϰā§āĻĄ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠āĻŽā§āĻāĻžā§āĨ¤
The piece of furniture serves a dual purpose as a cupboard and as a table.
āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž
1. The only piece/item of furniture he has in his bedroom is a bed.
(āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāύāĻž)
2. Each piece of furniture in this display is on sale.
(āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
========
A most Vs The most
He saw -- most wonderful sight.
[IU āĻ 12-13, C 16-17]
He leads --- most unhappy life.
(āϏ⧠āĻā§āĻŦ āĻ
āϏā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āϝāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰā§)
[āĻĒāĻŋāĻāϏāϏāĻŋâāϰ āϏāĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϞā§ā§ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āϏāĻāĻŋāĻŦ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ, āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝā§āϰā§āϰ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāύā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋ/āĻāύā§āĻā§āϰā§āϞ āĻ
āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ļ]
A. the B. an
C. a D. all
Ans: C (a)
A most āĻšā§ āĻāĻāύ?
most āϝāĻāύ very āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠adjective +noun āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠most āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ a āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāϧāĻŋāĻā§āϝ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āϞāϤ formal English āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Master is a most helpful book of English for competitive exams.
A most helpful book = A very helpful book
I saw a most wonderful sight.
It's a most important issue and we need to discuss it.
He leads a most unhappy life. [RU BBA 2003-04]
(Make it Assertive to Exclamatory sentence)
A. What a unhappy life he leads!
B. What an unhappy life he lead!
C. What an unhappy life he leads!
D. What a unhappy life he lead!
Ans:C
āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠the most
She is the most beautiful girl in the university.
( --- āϏāĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ --)
āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞā§
She is a most beautiful girl.
(---- āĻā§āĻŦ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ ----)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
===============
āĻāĻžāĻāϰāĻŋ āĻ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ
William Shakespeare āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋ
1. The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones. [Julius Caeser]
(āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽā§āϤā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§/āϰā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§; āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻļāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤)
2. I am a man more sinned against than sinning.
[King Lear] (āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāϤ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤)
3. My love is richer than my tongue."
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āύā§āĨ¤) [King Lear]
4. Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. [Julius Caeser] (āĻāĻžāĻĒā§āϰā§āώā§āϰāĻž āĻŽāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϰā§; āϏāĻžāĻšāϏā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻ āĻŽā§āϤā§āϝā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āύā§ā§āĨ¤)
5. Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown--William Shakespeare. (āϰāĻžāĻāĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§ āĻļāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŽ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ āύāĻž āĻāĻā§āύā§āϰ āĻĄāĻžāϞāĻžāĨ¤) [King Henry-4]
6. There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. [Hamlet]
(āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāύā§āĻĻ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāĻ/āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāύā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžā§āĨ¤)
7. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.
[Twelfth Night]
(āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāύā§āĻŽāĻžā§, āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻ
āϰā§āĻāύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤)
8. All the world's a stage
And all the men and women are merely players. (āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ āϰāĻā§āĻāĻŽāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻāϞ āύāϰ-āύāĻžāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻā§āĻļā§āϞāĻŦāĨ¤) [As You Like It]
9. Brevity is the soul of wit. [Hamlet]
(āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻž āϰāϏāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāϰ/āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻ āϞā§āĻā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻŽāĻž āĻŦāϞā§āύ)
10. There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in our philosophy.
[Hamlet] (āĻšā§āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ, āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻžāϤā§āĻ āϝāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻž, āϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§ā§ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āĨ¤)
āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
11. Sweet are the uses of adversity. (As You Like It)
(āĻĻā§āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύā§ā§āϤāĻž āĻŽāϧā§āϰāĨ¤ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϝ⧠āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻĒ āύā§, āĻāĻļāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
12. The miserable have no other medicine but only hope. [Measure for Measure] (āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāĻžā§āĻž āĻšāϤāĻāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāώā§āϧ/āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āύāĻžāĻāĨ¤)
13. To be, or not to be; that is the question. [Hamlet]
[āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻž; āϏā§āĻāĻžāĻ āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ)
āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž Hamlet āĻāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāύā§āϤāĻšā§āύāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻšāĻŋāĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ Shakespeare āĻāϰ Hamlet āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϤ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϏāĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ soliloquy āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĨ¤
14. Veni, Vidi, Vici. [Julius Caeser]
(āĻāϏāϞāĻžāĻŽ, āĻĻā§āĻāϞāĻžāĻŽ, āĻā§ āĻāϰāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤)
15. Frailty, thy name is woman. [Hamlet]
(āĻāĻā§āĻā§āϰāϤāĻž, āϤā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ āύāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ = āύāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻ
āĻĒāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āϰāϤāĻž)
16. Better three hours too soon than a minute too late. [The Merry Wives of Windsor ]
āĻ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāϤāĻž āϤā§āϞ⧠āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
17. There is a divinity that shapes our ends.
(āĻāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻ/āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ/āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§ā§) āĻāĻ view (āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋ) āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ Hamlet āύāĻžāĻāĻā§āĨ¤
18. Corruption wins not more than honesty.
(āĻĻā§āϰā§āύā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāϤāϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ
āϰā§āĻāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻž)
19. Conscience does make cowards of us all.
(āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžā§)
20. Our enemies are outward consciences.
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻļāϤā§āϰā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻļāϤā§āϰā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āϏāĻĻāĻž āϏāϤāϰā§āĻ āϰāĻžāĻā§)
21. Some rise by sin and some by virtue fall.
[Measure for Measure]
(āĻĒāĻžāĻĒā§ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāϤā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻšā§ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āĻŖā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāϤāύ āĻšā§ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻāϰā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ āϞāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāύ āĻšā§ āĻāϰ āϏ⧠āĻĨā§āĻā§āĻ/āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻšā§)
āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĒā§āϤ⧠Master āĻŦāĻā§ā§āϰ Quotation āĻ
āϧā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
===============
āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ āĻ āύāϤā§āύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ MASTER
āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϤāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻāϤ āύāύ, āĻāύāĻžāϰāĻž āϏā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āϧāĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŽāϞā§āϰ āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻšā§āĻŦā§āĻšā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰā§āύ āϤāĻžāϤ⧠āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠āĻāϞ⧠āĻāϏ⧠āϝāĻž āĻāĻāύ āĻ āĻāϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύā§ā§āĨ¤
āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻ
āĻāĻāύ part of speech āĻā§ word class āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāύ āϤāĻž ā§Ž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āύā§, āĻŦāϰāĻ ā§§ā§§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āύāϤā§āύ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ determiner, number/numeral āĻāĻŦāĻ article
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāĻā§ noun āĻŽā§āĻ ā§Ģ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāĻž āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻāύ noun āĻŽā§āĻ ā§Ē āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
material noun āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Traditional grammar āĻ gerund āĻāϰ present participle āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻāϤ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Modern grammar āĻ gerund term āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ verb+ing āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āϤāĻž present participle
āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ part of speech āĻšā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ gerund āĻāĻŦāĻ present participle āϏāύāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
āĻĒā§ā§āύā§āĻ ā§Ļā§§.
āĻāĻā§ āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§, āĻāĻāύ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
Traditional grammar āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžā§ā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ the āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ The Hindus, The Muslims
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: The Hindus have the custom of burning the dead. (āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽā§āϤāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻĒā§ā§āĻžāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻā§)
The Ganges is sacred to the Hindus.
(āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āύāĻĻā§ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒāĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϰ)
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Modern grammar āĻ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
Muslims fast during the Ramadan.
(āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŋāĻŽāϰāĻž āϰāĻŽāĻāĻžāύ⧠āϰā§āĻāĻž āϰāĻžāĻā§)
Cows are sacred to Hindus.
(āĻāϰ⧠āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒāĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϰ)
Traditional grammar āĻ the measles, the mumps, the gout āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§, āĻāĻāύ Modern grammar āĻ the āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
ā§Ļ⧍. āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύā§āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āĨ¤
āĻāώā§āĻ āύāĻž āĻāϰāϞ⧠āĻā§āώā§āĻ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤
No pains, no gains. (Old-fashioned)
No pain, no gain.
(Modern/Present)
āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻļā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻžā§/āϞāĻžāĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĨ¤
Give him an inch, and he will take an ell. (Old-fashioned)
Give sb an inch (and they'll take a mile/yard)
= Give him an inch, and he will take a mile/yard. (Modern/Present)
ā§Š. pronoun āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻāϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
(āĻ) Traditional grammar āĻ comparative āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ than āĻā§ conjunction āϧāϰāĻž āĻšāϤ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠subjective pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āϤāĻž old-fashioned āĻāĻŦāĻ much too formalāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ, as + positive degree of adjective + as āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠subjective pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ old-fashioned āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āϤāĻŋ formal āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ be verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠pronoun āĻāϰ subject form āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤
Traditional grammar āĻ
He is taller than I.
He is as good as I.
It is I.
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠than, as, be verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠Modern grammar āĻ object form āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
You're taller than me. (than as preposition)
You're taller than I am.
Hello, It's me.
If anyone's to blame, It's me.
A: 'Who's there?' B: 'Only me.'
He doesnât earn as much as me.
He doesnât earn as much as I do.
(āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠as, than āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb āĻāĻžā§āĻž āĻļā§āϧ⧠I āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž
old-fashioned āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž much too formal )
ā§Ļā§Ē. Preposition āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ
ā§Ļā§§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ āϞā§āĻā§ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ āĻāĻā§ traditional grammar āĻ greedy of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤
He is greedy of/after riches. (P K De Sarkar)
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ Modern grammar āĻ greedy for āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He is greedy for power/success.
The shareholders are greedy for profit. (OALD)
He has no taste for music. (Traditional)
He has no taste in music. (Modern)
ā§Ļ⧍āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ⧠(-) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāύā§āĻŽ āύā§ā§āĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ come of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§,
āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠come from āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤
He comes of a good family.
He comes of a respectable family.
āĻāĻāύ Modern grammar āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠come from āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He comes from a good family.
He comes from a family of actors.
My wife comes from a pretty rich family.
Traditional grammar āĻ 'āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻĢā§āϞāĻž' āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ (remove clothes, shoes etc) āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ put off, take off āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻāύ āĻļā§āϧ⧠take off āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ (put off āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āύāĻž)
āϤāĻžāĻ put on āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻāύ take off āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ (put off āύā§)
āĻāĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻāĻā§ (form, gap) āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ fill up āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§, āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠fill in/fill out āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞ āĻĒā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
My hair is falling out. (Modern)
āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ
My hair is falling off. (Traditional)
āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āύā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻā§ mankind āĻā§ plural noun āϧāϰāĻž āĻšāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠plural verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤
Mankind are never quite happy.
Mankind are worried about war.
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ mankind āĻā§ uncountable noun āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻ singular verb āύā§ā§āĨ¤
Mankind ( = the human race) is at stake.
(āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāύā§āύ)
Mankind has marvelled at diamonds for at 2000 years. (OALD)
Mankind has always been obsessed by power. (CALD)
plural numeral + pair of + plural noun -
(traditional grammar)
I have three pair of shoes.
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻā§ā§āĻž āĻā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻā§)
plural numeral + pairs of plural noun
(modern standard)
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in their cells. (āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āĻˇā§ ā§¨ā§Š āĻā§ā§āĻž āĻā§āϰā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻŽ āĻāĻā§)
All are invited/preset. All is lost. (TG)
Everybody is invited/present. (MG)
Everything is lost. (MG)
āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύāĻļā§āϞāĨ¤
Enough, One as noun/pronoun
One would think he was mad.
(One is noun- Wren & Martin)
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ modern grammar āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠one āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠pronoun āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
The little ones cried for joy.
(ones is pronoun, Wren & Martin)
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ little one ( = a young child) āĻā§ informal āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ noun āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ spoken āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
The little ones ( = young children) can play in the garden while we get lunch ready.
I have had enough of this.
(Enough is noun- Wren & Martin)
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ modern grammar āĻ enough āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠pronoun āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
determiner āύāĻžāĻāĻŋ adjective?
All men are mortal. It was all profit and no loss.
Are there any witnesses present?
You cannot have it both ways.
Either bat is good enough.
There is time enough and to spare.
There is little danger in going there.
There is much sense in what he says.
Neither accusation is true.
It is no joke.
One day I met him in the street.
What is that noise?
What evidence have you got?
āĻāĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻā§āϞ⧠noun āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏāĻž word āĻāĻŋ (all, any, both, either, enough, little, much, neither, no, one, that, what) High School English Grammar- Wren & Martin āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻā§ā§ adjective āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ (traditional grammar āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰā§)
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§ āϰāĻžāĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻšā§āĻŦā§āĻšā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠modern grammar āĻ āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻž adjective āύā§, determiner āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ Oxford/Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary āĻĻā§āĻŦā§ modern grammar āĻ āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āϞāĻŋāĻāĻž āϤāĻžāĻ Dictionary āϤ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āϰ noun āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠determiner āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ Modern grammar āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰ āĻ
āĻĒāĻļāύ⧠determiner āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻ
āĻĒāĻļāύ⧠determiner āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ determiner āĻ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠adjective āĻ determiner āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞā§āĻ determiner āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
modern grammar āĻ determiners are not adjectives
Traditional grammar āĻ function āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠adjective āĻĻā§āĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ descriptive adjective āĻāĻŦāĻ limiting adjective; āĻāĻāύ modern grammar āĻ descriptive adjective āĻā§āϞ⧠adjective āĻāϰ āĻ
āύā§āϤāĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰ limiting adjective {article, adjective of quantity/number, pronominal adjective (possessive, demonstrative, distributive adjective, interrogative adjective, relative adjective, exclamatory adjective) āĻā§āϞ⧠determiner āĻāϰ āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĨ¤
Oxford/Cambridge advanced Learner's Dictionary āϤā§āĻ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻĨā§āϝ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϏā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āϞ āϤā§āϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāϏā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻšāϞ⧠āϏā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (OALD) āĻ¤ā§ ā§ŽāĻŽ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞ minute āĻāϰ comparative āύā§āĻāĨ¤
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ ⧝āĻŽ āĻ comparative & superlative āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻ
āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ, OALD āϤ⧠ā§āĻŽ-ā§ŽāĻŽ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§ sparse āĻāϰ comparative āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ sparser, no superlative
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠⧝āĻŽ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§
sparse āĻāϰ superlative āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ sparsest
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ, OALD ā§ŽāĻŽ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§
wary -- warier (comparative) --- no superlative
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠⧧ā§Ļ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§
wary - warier (comparative) - wariest (superlative)
ā§ŽāĻŽ-⧝āĻŽ āĻāĻĄāĻļāύ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§ Caesarean
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠⧧ā§ĻāĻŽ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§ caesarean
In the public interest : Master Jahangir Alam
==============
What type of noun is "Chemistry"?
[āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž]
A. Proper noun
B. Abstract noun
āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: B
āϰā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύā§āϏ : āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋ High School English Grammar -Wren & Martin āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤā§, The names of Arts ans Sciences are abstract nouns. grammar, chemistry, music etc.
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ Abstract nounāĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤
He did physics and chemistry at university. (OALD)
She studied chemistry and physics at university.
(CALD)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
=======
Anxious about sth Vs anxious to do sth
Anxious about something = āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āύ
The mother was anxious about the safety of her son.
Students are anxious about their results.
Anxious to do something = āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āϰāĻšā§āĨ¤
I am anxious to read the book that you spoke of yesterday.
We are always anxious to buy the best products in the market.
When the book came out, I was very anxious to know about the sales. (āϝāĻāύ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āϰ āĻšāϞā§/āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻšāϞā§, āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŦ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤)
Translate :
āϞā§āĻāĻāύ āĻā§āϞā§ā§āĻžā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻĒāĻāĻž āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ āĻĒāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŽāĻžāϰāϞāĨ¤
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ :
(āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ) āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻ pelt āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāϤā§āϤāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Pelt somebody with something = to attack somebody throwing things at them
People pelted the players with rotten tomatoes and rotten eggs. (āϞā§āĻāĻāύ āĻā§āϞā§ā§āĻžā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻĒāĻāĻž āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ āĻĒāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŽāĻžāϰāϞā§)
Rioters pelted police with bricks and bottles.
(āĻĻāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻŦā§āϤāϞ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŽāĻžāϰāϞ)
They pelted him with rotten eggs.
(āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒāĻāĻž āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŽāĻžāϰāϞ)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
===========
Nice to meet you vs Nice meeting you
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻāĻĨā§āĻĒāĻāĻĨāύ⧠Nice to meet you. ( = It's nice to meet you.) āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻž friendly greeting āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Hello, Nice to meet you at last.
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžā§ (farewell/goodbye) āĻāĻžāύāĻžāύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§ Nice meeting/talking to you. ( = It's been nice meeting/talking to you. āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰā§/āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āϞāĻžāĻāϞā§) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠Nice to see you. āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Nice to see you again. āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤
Sorry to disturb you vs Sorry to have disturbed you
āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠sorry to disturb you āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
(I'm) Sorry to disturb you; could I speak to you for a moment/ may I trouble you for a moment?
āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠sorry to have disturbed you āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
I'm sorry to have disturbed you yesterday.
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ, I'm sorry for disturbing you. āĻāĻā§ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻž past situation āĻ āĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
Disturb āĻāĻžā§āĻž āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ verb āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ (current situation) āĻ āĻāĻāĻž, āϝāĻž āĻāϞāĻā§ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻšāϤā§/āĻāĻāϤ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŦā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠apology āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ sorry + infinitive āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Sorry to keep you waiting; we can start now.
A: Sorry to keep you waiting so long.
B: That's all right.
I'm sorry to tell you that you failed the exam.
āĻ
āϤā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠more formal āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ sorry + have + past participle āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻŦā§ sorry + that clause āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ informal āĻ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Sorry to have kept you waiting so long yesterday.
I'm sorry to have woken you up.
(Or, I'm sorry that I woke you up.)
āĻāĻāĻ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ sorry for/about + v+ing āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
I'm sorry for/about losing my temper this morning.
(Or, I'm sorry that I lost my temper.)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
============
āĻāĻŽāĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāύāĻž āύā§āĻ!
ā§Ģ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ GPA 4.8 āĻĒā§ā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤ [HSTU 10-11]
A. I have got GPA 4.8 from 5.
B. I have got GPA 4.8 among 5.
C. Out of 5, I have got GPA 4.8
D. Out of 4.8, I have got GPA 5.
āĻ
āĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ C
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦā§
Out of 5, I have got a 4.8 GPA.
Out of 5, I have got a GPA of 4.8.
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ pronoun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠not āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Auxiliary verb āĻāϰ contracted āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āϞ⧠noun/pronoun āĻāĻā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āϏ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž? [MBSTU A 12-13]
Does he not like fish? (Does not he āύā§)
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, Doesnât he like fish? (āĻ
āĻĒāĻļāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋāϞ)
āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ:
Active : Do not do it.
Passive : Let it not be done.
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Let not it be done āĻāĻāĻž āĻā§āϞāĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
============
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ ā§Š āĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ āĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤
āϞāĻžāĻāύ ā§§ āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āĻ āύā§āĻāĨ¤ (āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ ā§Ļā§§)
1. 'Sweet are the uses of adversity.' was stated by -
Ans: Shakespeare (From 'As You Like It')
2. Sweet are the uses of adversity.
āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻā§āύāĻāĻŋ?
Ans: āĻĻā§āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύā§ā§āϤāĻž āĻŽāϧā§āϰāĨ¤
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϝ⧠āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻĒ āύā§, āĻāĻļā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
3. Sweet are the uses of adversity.
Here 'Sweet' is - [JKKNIU (A) 13-14]
Ans: Adjective
4. Sweet - the uses of adversity.
[CU I 13-14, B1 15-16, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āĻļāϞ āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āĻļāϞ⧠(āĻĒā§āϰ) ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝]
Shakespeare is of the view that "Sweet - the uses of adversity. "
Ans: are
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠inversion/fronting āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ predicative adjective 'sweet' āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāϰ subject āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ the uses of adversity āϝāĻžāϰ head word 'uses' āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ plural āϤāĻžāĻ verb plural (are) āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§-
The uses of adversity is sweet. (normal)
Sweet are the uses of adversity.(emphatic/inverted)
5. Sweet are the uses of adversity.
Here 'adversity' means
Ans: difficulty
āϞāĻžāĻāύ ā§§ āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻāĨ¤ (āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ ā§Ļ⧍)
1. The quote "All that glitters is not gold" is from which play of Shakespeare?
Ans: The Merchant of Venice
2. All that glitters - not gold.
Ans: is
3. āĻāĻāĻāĻ āĻāϰāϞā§āĻ āϏā§āύāĻž āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ -
Ans: All that glitters is not gold.
4. "All that glitters is not gold" is a - sentence.
Ans : Complex
5. All that glitters is not gold. Here 'that' is
Ans: Relative pronoun
6. All that glitters is not gold. Here 'glitters' is
Ans:Verb
7. Choose the correct sentence.
Ans: All that glitters is not gold.
8. All that glitters is not gold. Here 'gold' is -
Ans: Material noun
9. All that glitters is not gold. Here 'that glitters' is
Ans: Adjective clause
āϞāĻžāĻāύ ā§§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻšā§ āĻ āύā§āĻāĨ¤ (āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ ā§Ļā§Š)
1. None but the brave deserves ---
Ans: the fair
2. None but the brave --- the fair.
Ans: deserves/deserve
3. None but --- brave deserves --- fair.
Ans: the, the
4. None but the brave deserves the fair. āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ-
Ans: āĻŦā§āϰ āĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āύā§āϧāϰāĻž (āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)āĨ¤
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āϏāĻžāĻšāϏā§āϰāĻžāĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āϰāĻŽāĻŖā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰ āϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāϏā§āϰāĻžāĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϝā§āĻā§āϝ (āĻāĻā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ)āĨ¤
5. None but the brave deserves the fair.
(Make it affirmative)
Ans: Only the brave deserve the fair.
6. None but the brave deserves the fair.
Here 'but' is
Ans: Preposition
7. None but the brave deserves the fair.
Here 'brave' is
Ans: Noun (substantive)
8. None but the brave deserves the fair.
Here 'the brave' is
Ans: Plural common noun
9. "None but the brave deserves the fair' who quoted?
Ans: John Dryden
āϞāĻžāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻšā§ āĻ āύā§āĻ (āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ ā§Ļā§Š)
1. ''Look before you leap' means- [KU A 18-19]
Ans: beware/be wary/be cautious (āϏāϤāϰā§āĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻž)
2. Look before you leap. āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ-
[ā§āĻŽ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§]
Ans: āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋā§āĻž āĻāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤
3. āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĻāĨ¤
[ā§§ā§ĒāϤāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāώāĻ āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāύ (⧍) ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§]
Ans: Look before you leap. (āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
(Think before you do anything. āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āύā§)
4. Always look before you --- [JnU D 07-08]
Ans: leap
5. Choose the correct sentence. [BRUR C 12-13]
Ans: Look before you leap.
6. Look before you leap. The word 'before' in the sentence is -- [ā§§ā§§āϤāĻŽ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāύ -ā§§ā§Ē]
Ans: conjunction (adverb āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž preposition āύā§)
7. Look before you leap.
Here 'Look' is- [RU A2 17-18]
Ans:The principal clause
(You) + look = principal clause
before you leap = subordinate clause/adverbial clause of time
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
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a = ei (āĻāĻ) [āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϏā§āĻ ]
able (āĻāĻāĻŦāϞ) ableism (āĻāĻāĻŦāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŽ)
enable (āĻāύāĻāĻāĻŦāϞ) capable (āĻā§āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞ)
capably (āĻā§āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ)
age (āĻāĻāĻ) aged (āĻāĻāĻāĻĄ)
cage (āĻā§āĻāĻ) case (āĻā§āĻāϏ)
page (āĻĒā§āĻāĻ) rage (āϰā§āĻāĻ) sage (āϏā§āĻāĻ)
ageing (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ) alien (āĻāĻāϞāĻŋā§āĻžāύ)
alienate (āĻāĻāϞāĻŋā§āĻžāύā§āĻāĻ)
agent (āĻāĻāĻāĻžāύā§āĻ) agency (āĻāĻāĻāĻžāύā§āϏāĻŋ)
ancient (āĻāĻāύāĻļāĻžāύā§āĻ)
alienation (āĻāĻāϞāĻŋā§āĻžāύā§āĻāĻļāύ)
apex (āĻāĻāĻĒā§āĻā§āϏ) April (āĻāĻāĻĒā§āϰāϞ)
apron (āĻāĻāĻĒā§āϰāύ)
atheism (āĻāĻāĻĨāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŽ) atheist (āĻāĻāĻĨāĻŋāϏā§āĻ)
atheistic (āĻāĻāĻĨāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻŋāĻ)
aviary (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋā§āĻžāϰāĻŋ-āĻĒāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞāĻž)
avian (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋā§āĻžāύ)
aviation (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ-āĻāĻāĻļāύ)
aviator ( āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ-āĻāĻāĻāĻžāϰ)
aviculture (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻāĻžāϰ)
avionics (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋā§āĻžāύāĻŋāĻā§āϏ) avionic (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋā§āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ)
baby (āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦāĻŋ) navy (āύā§āĻāĻāĻŋ) native (āύā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ)
laser (āϞā§āĻāĻāĻžāϰ) major (āĻŽā§āĻāĻāĻžāϰ)
razor (āϰā§āĻāĻāĻžāϰ)
ace (āĻāĻāϏ) grace (āĻā§āϰā§āĻāϏ) lace (āϞā§āĻāϏ) pace (āĻĒā§āĻāϏ)
apace (āĻāĻĒā§āĻāϏ) space (āϏā§āĻĒā§āĻāϏ) spate (āϏā§āĻĒā§āĻāĻ)
race (āϰā§āĻāϏ) racial (āϰā§āĻāĻļāϞ)
face (āĻĢā§āĻāϏ) facial (āĻĢā§āĻāĻļāϞ)
fate (āĻĢā§āĻāĻ) gate (āĻā§āĻāĻ) hate (āĻšā§āĻāĻ) late (āϞā§āĻāĻ)
mate (āĻŽā§āĻāĻ) make (āĻŽā§āĻāĻ) made (āĻŽā§āĻāĻĄ)
sate (āϏā§āĻāĻ) rate (āϰā§āĻāĻ) cate (āĻā§āĻāĻ)
cable (āĻā§āĻāĻŦāϞ) table (āĻ ā§āĻāĻŦāϞ) label (āϞā§āĻāĻŦāϞ)
cake (āĻā§āĻāĻ) bake (āĻŦā§āĻāĻ)
brake (āĻŦā§āϰā§āĻāĻ) make (āĻŽā§āĻāĻ) sake (āϏā§āĻāĻ) take (āĻ ā§āĻāĻ)
fake (āĻĢā§āĻāĻ) lake (āϞā§āĻāĻ) rake (āϰā§āĻāĻ)
pale (āĻĒā§āĻāϞ) bale (āĻŦā§āĻāϞ) sale (āϏā§āĻāϞ) tale (āĻ ā§āĻāϞ)
male (āĻŽā§āĻāϞ) female (āĻĢāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻāϞ) gale (āĻā§āĻāϞ- āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻā§)
kale (āĻā§āĻāϞ)
radius (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§āĻžāϏ) radii (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ)
data (āĻĄā§āĻāĻ āĻž) nadir (āύā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāϰ)
taste (āĻ ā§āĻāϏā§āĻ) tasty (āĻ ā§āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋ) lazy (āϞā§āĻāĻāĻŋ)
chaste (āĻā§āĻāϏā§āĻ) paste (āĻĒā§āĻāϏā§āĻ)
status (āϏā§āĻā§āĻāĻāĻžāϏ) stake (āϏā§āĻā§āĻāĻ)
station (āϏā§āĻā§āĻāĻļāύ) stationary (āϏā§āĻā§āĻ-āĻļāύāĻžāϰāĻŋ)
straight (āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻ) strain (āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āĻāύ)
strange (āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻā§āĻ) strangely (āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻā§āĻāϞāĻŋ)
stranger (āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āĻāύāĻāĻžāϰ)
state (āϏā§āĻā§āĻāĻ), stately (āϏā§āĻā§āĻāĻāϞāĻŋ)
phrase (āĻĢā§āϰā§āĻāĻ)
plane (āĻĒā§āϞā§āĻāύ)
range (āϰā§āĻāĻā§āĻ) hatred (āĻšā§āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻĄ) sacred (āϏā§āĻāĻāϰāĻŋāĻĄ)
patient (āĻĒā§āĻāĻļāύā§āĻ) patiently (āĻĒā§āĻāĻļāύā§āĻāϞāĻŋ)
patience (āĻĒā§āĻāĻļāύā§āϏ)
basic (āĻŦā§āĻāϏāĻŋāĻ) base (āĻŦā§āĻāϏ) based (āĻŦā§āĻāϏā§āĻ)
basically (āĻŦā§āĻāϏāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ) basis (āĻŦā§āĻāϏāĻŋāϏ)
inspiration (āĻāύā§āϏāĻĒāĻŋāϰā§āĻāĻļāύ)
inspirational (āĻāύā§āϏāĻĒāĻŋāϰā§āĻāĻļāύāĻžāϞ)
invitation (āĻāύāĻāĻŋāĻ ā§āĻāĻļāύ)
installation (āĻāύā§āϏāĻāϞā§āĻāĻļāύ)
motivate (āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻ) motivation (āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻļāύ)
motivational (āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻļāύāĻžāϞ)
radial (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§āĻžāϞ) radially (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§āĻžāϞāĻŋ)
radiate (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻ) radiation (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻļāύ)
radiant (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§ā§āύā§āĻ) radiance (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§āĻžāύā§āϏ)
radian (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§āĻžāύ) radon (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻžāύ)
radium (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋā§āĻžāĻŽ) radiology (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāϞāĻāĻŋ)
radiometric (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŽā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ)
radiometrically (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ)
ratio (āϰā§āĻāĻļāĻŋāĻāĻ)
rave (āϰā§āĻāĻ) raven (āϰā§āĻāĻāύ)
raze (āϰā§āĻāĻ) glaze (āĻā§āϞā§āĻāĻ) maze (āĻŽā§āĻāĻ)
cable (āĻā§āĻāĻŦāϞ) fable (āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāϞ) sable (āϏā§āĻāĻŦāϞ)
maple (āĻŽā§āĻāĻĒāϞ)
came (āĻā§āĻāĻŽ) dame (āĻĄā§āĻāĻŽ) game (āĻā§āĻāĻŽ)
frame (āĻĢā§āϰā§āĻāĻŽ)
fame (āĻĢā§āĻāĻŽ) famous (āĻĢā§āĻāĻŽāĻžāϏ)
lame (āϞā§āĻāĻŽ) tame (āĻ ā§āĻāĻŽ) name (āύā§āĻāĻŽ)
same (āϏā§āĻāĻŽ) shame (āĻļā§āĻāĻŽ)
safe (āϏā§āĻāĻĢ) shape (āĻļā§āĻāĻĢ) shade (āĻļā§āĻāĻĄ)
babe (āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦ) rape (āϰā§āĻāĻĒ) cape (āĻā§āĻāĻĒ) tape (āĻ ā§āĻāĻĒ)
gape (āĻā§āĻāĻĒ)
paper (āĻĒā§āĻāĻĒāĻžāϰ) lady (āϞā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋ) baby (āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦāĻŋ)
danger (āĻĄā§āĻāύāĻāĻžāϰ) dangerous (āĻĄā§āĻāύāĻāĻžāϰāĻžāϏ)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
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Common error : Find out (Know āύā§)
āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻž/āĻā§āύ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ find out āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ (know āύā§), 'āĻāĻžāύāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§'āĨ¤
1. Make sure (that) no one finds out about this.
(āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰ⧠āϝ⧠āĻā§āĻ āϝā§āύ āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϰā§)
2. I would die of shame if she ever found out.
(āϏ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤā§/āĻā§āύ⧠āϝā§āϤ⧠āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϞāĻā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻŽāϰ⧠āϝā§āϤāĻžāĻŽ)
3. My greatest dread is that my parents will find out.
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§ āĻā§ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠āϝāĻžāĻŦā§)
4. He went postal when he found out.
(āϝāĻāύ āϏ⧠āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϞ⧠āϏ⧠āĻā§āĻŦ āϰā§āĻā§ āĻā§āϞ)
5. My father will be livid when he finds out.
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύ āϤāĻāύ āĻā§āĻŦ āϰā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āύ)
āĻāϏā§āύ, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§ informal expression (spoken āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§)āĨ¤
1. Come down on someone like a ton of bricks =
criticize or punish very severely
āĻā§āĻŦ āĻāĻ ā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻā§āĻŦ āĻā§āĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž/āĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāĨ¤
If father finds out what you've been doing, he'll come down on ( = punish) you like a ton of bricks.
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻāϰāϤā§āĻ āϤāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āĻāύāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻ ā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĨ¤)
2. Eat somebody alive = āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
He will eat me alive if he ever finds out.
(āϏ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§/āϧāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĢā§āϞāĻŦā§ = āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§/āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤)
When it comes to (sth/doing sth)
āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāώā§ā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤā§
when it comes/came to āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun phrase āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāϰ verb āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠verb+ing āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻž āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĨ¤
Law enforcers must be more understanding when it comes to arresting people and trying to get them to follow the health guidelines and government directives.
When it comes to cricket, Ricky Ponting is a most knowledgeable person.
When it comes to teaching grammar, I'm in a league of my own in Bangladesh.
Dillip Kumar was the best when it came to realistic acting.
When it came to playing cover drive, Virendra Shewag was in a league of his own.
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
========
āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϝā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻ āĻā§āϞ āĻāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
1. tiny (āĻ āĻžāĻāύāĻŋ, āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύā§)- āĻ
āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āώā§āĻĻā§āϰ, āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§
2. politician (āĻĒāϞāĻŋ'āĻāĻŋāĻļāύ, āĻĒāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāύ āύā§)- āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ, āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§āĻŦāĻŋ/-āĻŦāĻžāĻ
3. nadir (āύā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻ(āϰ) UK, āύā§āĻāĻĄāĻžāϰ, US, āύāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āύā§)- āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϤāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§
4. apex (āĻāĻāĻĒā§āĻā§āϏ, āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āĻā§āϏ āύā§) - āĻļā§āϰā§āώāĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§
5. radii (āϰā§āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ) radius (āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāϰā§āϧ) āĻāϰ plural
āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ, syllabi (āϏāĻŋāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ), syllabus (āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāϏā§āĻāĻŋ) āĻāϰ plural
6. data (āĻĄā§āĻāĻ āĻž) - āĻāĻĒāĻžāϤā§āϤāĨ¤
7. annihilate (āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻžāĻāĻāϞā§āĻāĻ, āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϞā§āĻ āύā§)- āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϰā§āĻĒā§ āϧā§āĻŦāĻāϏ āĻāϰāĻž, āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
8. behave (āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻāĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ āύā§) - āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
9. epitome (āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻŽāĻŋ, āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻŽ āύā§) - āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ
10. succinct (āϏāĻžāĻāϏāĻŋāĻāĻāĻā§, āϏāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻāĻāĻā§ āύā§)- āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ
11. nature [āύā§āĻāĻāĻž(āϰ)/āύā§āĻāĻāĻžāϰ)
12. natural (āύā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻžāϞā§)
Blew (āĻŦā§āϞā§, āĻŦā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āύā§)
Brew (āĻŦā§āϰā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āύā§)
Drew (āĻĄā§āϰā§, āĻĄā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āύā§)
Flew (āĻĢā§āϞā§, āĻĢā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āύā§)
Grew (āĻā§āϰā§, āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āύā§)
Shrew (āĻļā§āϰā§, āĻļā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āύā§)
Shrewd (āĻļā§āϰā§āĻĄ, āĻļā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻĄ āύā§)
Threw (āĻĨā§āϰā§, āĻĨā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āύā§)
adverb āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠-ically āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻŦā§ "āĻāĻāϞāĻŋ", 'āĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ' āύā§āĨ¤
Basically (āĻŦā§āĻāϏāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
Automatically (āĻāĻā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āĻ
āĻā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
Diplomatically (āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞā§āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
Politically (āĻĒāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āĻĒāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
Practically (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
Scientifically (āϏāĻžā§ā§āύā§āĻāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āϏāĻžā§ā§āύā§āĻāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
Specifically (āϏā§āĻĒā§āϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āϏā§āĻĒā§āϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
Economically (āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
illogically (āĻāϞāĻāĻŋāĻāϞāĻŋ, āĻāϞāĻāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύā§)
āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒā§ā§āύ MASTER MINI-BOOK
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§ : āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==========
āĻāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§ā§āĻ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžā§ āύāĻž!!
āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϞā§āĻāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāĻŽāϤ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŽā§āύāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āϏāĻšāĨ¤
1. āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧ?
[āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ (āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏā§āύāĻĨāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŽ) ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍]
A. He requested for my help.
B. Time and tide wait for no man.
C. The ship with its crew, were lost.
D. The horse and carriage is at the door.
āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§āύ D
āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϞāĻžāĻāύ ā§Ē āĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§āύ High School English
Grammar - Wren & Martin āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻā§ā§ Time and tide waits for no man.
āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžā§ā§ b āĻā§āϞāĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠B āύāĻāĻ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ% āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻāĨ¤ Cambridge advanced Learner's dictionary āϤ⧠Time and tide wait for no man. āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ High School English Grammar āĻĨā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāύāĻŋ D āĻā§āĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āύāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϞāĻžāĻāύāĻā§āϞ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ⧠āĻĒāĻžāύāύāĻŋ, āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āύā§āĻļā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āϰāĻžāĻā§āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤
āĻāĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āύāĻŽā§āύāĻž āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
Identity the correct sentence.
[BSMRSTU E Unit 2013-2014]
A. Time and tide waits for no man.
B. Fire and water does not agree.
C. The novelist and poet are dead.
D. The mayor, with his councillors are to be present.
Ans:A
āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ
B. do not agree
C. is
D. is
āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§ : āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
=========
All, Both, Each (pronoun) āĻāϰ position āύāĻŋā§ā§ confusion!!
all, both, each āĻāĻ pronoun āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ plural noun āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϰāĻž to be verb, auxiliary verb āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž modals āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ main verb āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž have āĻāĻāĻžāĻ main verb āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
We are all students/learners. (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§)
We are all sinners. (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻĒā§)
They all went home. (āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻā§āϞ)
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž All of them went home.
These buildings all belong to the college.
(āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāύāĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻ āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϰ)
We can all relax. (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ)
We are all getting older. (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§ ā§āĻŋā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋ)
We are all going out tonight.
(āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϰāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋ)
The tickets have all been sold.
[āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠have āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ auxiliary verb ]
(āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§)
The twin sisters are both good dancers.
(āϝāĻŽāĻ āĻŦā§āύāĻĻā§āĻŦā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āύā§āϤā§āϝāĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§)
The twin sisters both have blue eyes.
(āϝāĻŽāĻ āĻŦā§āύāĻĻā§āĻŦā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ā§āϰ āĻā§āĻ āύā§āϞāĨ¤
They both live in Dhaka. (āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻĸāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§)
They can both speak English fluently/at home.
They are both old. (āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧ)
We are both tired. (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻžāύā§āϤ)
His parents are both teachers/doctors.
(āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϤāĻž āĻāĻā§ā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ/āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻžāϰ)
They/We each have a car.
(Each of us/them has a car.)
They/We have each been questioned.
āϤāĻŦā§ short answers āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻž be verb āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
We are all/both/each ready.
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤā§
A: Who is ready?
B: We all/both/each are.
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==============
āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ!
parent āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠father or mother
parents āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠father and mother, fathers or mothers
parent's signature (s āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ apostrophe)
āϝ⧠āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻāĻāύā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āώāϰ, āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻž
parents' signature (s āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠apostrophe)
āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻā§ā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āώāϰ
The word 'parent' means-
[āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧧⧝]
A. father B. mother
C. father and mother
D. father or mother
Ans:D
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==========
āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§ā§ āĻļā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļ āύāĻŽā§āύāĻžāĨ¤
1. I like to watch TV - late - night.
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ āĻ
āĻŦāϧāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻāϰāĻŋ)
[IFIC Bank (TAO) 2019]
A. at, in B. in, on C. until, at D. to, in
2. Which of the following is a correct English translation of 'āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ āĻ
āĻŦāϧāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤'? [CU āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž-ā§Ļ⧝]
A. I watch TV down to late night.
B. I watch TV up to late night.
C. I watch TV until late night.
D. I watch TV until late at night.
E. I watch TV into late at night.
3. What is the correct translation of 'āĻāĻāύ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ' is - [DU D 1997-98]
A. It is very late at night.
B. Now many nights
C. It is deep night now
D. Here it is very late night.
āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : 1. C 2. D 3. A
āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ/āϰāĻžāϤ⧠= late at night,
āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ āĻ
āĻŦāϧāĻŋ/āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ = until late at night
It was late at night when we finally arrived.
(āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āώ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻāύ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϤāĻāύ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞ)
Our neighbours are inconsiderate; they're always playing loud music late at night.
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§āϰāĻž āĻ
āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻ/āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻšā§āύ; āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϞāĻā§)
People are scared to use the buses late at night.
(āϞā§āĻāĻāύ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻā§ āĻĒāĻžā§)
In the public interest : Master Jahangir Alam
āĻāĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĢāĻŋāϰāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϏāϤā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§ā§āύāĨ¤
All my efforts to bring about a compromise ended -- smoke. (āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϤāĻžā§ āĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨāϤāĻžā§ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϞā§)
[DU B 14-15/āĻĸāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ ā§§ā§Ē-ā§§ā§Ģ]
A. with B. in C. off D. through
Ans:B
end in sth - āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻž
All my efforts to bring ---- a compromise ended in smoke.
[āĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻāĻĻā§āϰāĻŦā§āϝ āύāĻŋā§āύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĒ-āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧧⧝]
A. with B. about C. in D. to
Ans:B
bring about - āĻāĻāĻžāύā§, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāύāĻžāĨ¤
All my efforts -- bring about a compromise ended --- smoke. [NSI āĻāϰ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ
āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧧]
A. for, in B. to, into
C. to, in D. for, into
Ans:C
base form āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ to āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==============
āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ, āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
He used to be my friend.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āϝā§āĻāĻžāϝā§āĻ āύā§āĻ)
He was my friend. (He is no more or missing)
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦā§āĻāĻā§ āύā§āĻ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻ)
We used to be good friends, but we hardly ever see each other now.
They used to be friends, but now they absolutely detest each other.
We were friends and colleagues for more than twenty years.
āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ We were friends. āĻāĻŦāĻ We used to be friends. āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāύāĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==============
We āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž "āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ" āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠first person āĻšāĻā§āĻž āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ indirect speech/narration āĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāϰāύā§āϤāύ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧠reported speech āĻāϰ tense āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
Direct : He said (āϏā§āĻĄ), "We are all sinners."
Indirect : He said that we are all sinners.
(āϏ⧠āĻŦāϞāϞ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻĒā§)
Direct: He said, "We cannot be quite happy in this life.
Indirect : He said that we cannot be quite happy in this life. (āϏ⧠āĻŦāϞāϞ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋ āϏā§āĻā§ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻž)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
===========
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠āĻā§āϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻšā§, āĻ
āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻā§āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
Almost everyone fails --- on the first try. [18th BCS]
A. in passing his driver's test
B. to his driver's test
C. to have passed his driver's test
D. passing his driver's test
āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ B āĻ
āĻĒāĻļāύ⧠pass āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĒā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āύā§āĻāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϞ āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
A āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ āϝāĻž āĻšā§āĻ, āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύ āĻāϰ MASTER āĻŦāĻā§ā§ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāύāĨ¤
(Appropriate preposition āĻāϰ F āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤)
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻŦāĻāĻā§āϞā§āϤ⧠āĻā§āϞ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Almost everyone fails --- on the first try.
[DU C 2005-06]
A. in passing his driver's test
B. to pass his driver's test
C. to have passed his driver's test
D. passing his driver's test
E. passed his driver's test
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ B
āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻā§āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠fail + infinitive
āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He failed to reach the final this year.
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž fail + object āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He failed his driving test.
A lot of people fail their driving test the first time.
āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻā§āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠fail in sth/something
āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He failed in his attempt to break the record.
Despite being a good student, he failed in the exam.
He failed in English last year.
I passed in history but failed in chemistry.
Almost everyone fails --- on the first try.
[Medical Admission 1993-94]
A. to have passed
B. passing
C. in passing
D. to pass
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ D. to pass
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ
āϏāϤāϰā§āĻāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āώāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύ⧠āĻĒā§āϏā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĨ¤
==============
Subject Verb Agreement Rule 2.1
(RESEARCH āĻŦā§āĻāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§)
RULE:
āĻĻā§āĻā§ noun āĻā§ and āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻž singular subject āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ (3rd person) singular verb āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ it/he/she āϝ⧠verb āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: is, was, has, base form +s/es āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
1. Law and order needs to be maintained at any cost. (āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻāύ āĻļā§āĻā§āĻāϞāĻž āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§)
2. Law and order is worsening in the city day by day.
3. Profit and loss is important to every business.
(āϞāĻžāĻ āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ)
4. The colour and style is a matter of personal taste. (āϰāĻ āĻ āϧāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āϰā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ)
5. Truth and honesty is the best policy.
6. Honour and glory is his reward.
7. The new bed and breakfast opens this week.
āĻāĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻĻā§āĻā§ gerund āϝāĻĻāĻŋ and āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻž singular verb āύā§ā§āĨ¤
1. Playing the harmonium and singing is difficult.
(āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āύāĻŋā§āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ)
2. Loading and unloading ships is fatiguing work.
(āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϞ āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻž āĻā§āϞāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ)
3. Drinking and driving has tough penalties.
(āĻŽāĻĻ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻāĻā§)
4. Drinking and driving is dangerous.
(āĻŽāĻĻ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ)
5. Meeting him and talking to him is always a learning experience. (āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻžāĻā§āώāĻžā§/āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖā§ā§ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāϤāĻž)
6. Breaking and entering is against the law.
(āĻ
āύā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§āĻšā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āϧ)
Subject Verb Agreement
Rule:
One of, Each of, Either of, Neither of āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠plural noun āĻāĻŦāĻ singular verb (3rd person singular) āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Either/Neither āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻā§ā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§āĨ¤
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ plural noun āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ s/es āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĻāϰ singular verb āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ s/es āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ singular verb āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠s āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Incorrect : One of my friends live in London.
Correct : One of my friends lives in London.
Incorrect: Either of these three girls are to blame for the damage.
Correct: Either of these two girls is to blame for the damage.
Incorrect: Either of these buses go past the university.
Correct: Either of these buses goes past the university.
Incorrect: Neither of these buses go past the historical monument
Correct : Neither of these buses goes past the historical monument .
Incorrect: Either of these three books are good.
Correct : Either of these two books is good.
Incorrect: Neither of the roads lead to the railway station.
Correct: Neither of the roads leads to the railway station.
Incorrect: Each of the radioisotopes produced artificially have its own distinct structure.
Correct: Each of the radioisotopes produced artificially has its own distinct structure.
āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ,
Neither of these two women -- to be trusted. (is)
Neither of these mattresses --- comfortable. (feels)
Each of the men and women -- bound to obey the law of the country. (is)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==============
MASTER āĻŦāĻā§ā§āϰ SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύāĨ¤
01. The mob ---- dispersed.
(āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāϞ āĻāύāϤāĻž āĻāϤā§āϰāĻāĻā§āĻ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§)
a. has b. is c. are d. have
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : a. has
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ have āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž are āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋ āĻšā§āĻŦā§āĻšā§ āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ has āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āϰā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύā§āϏ : High School English Grammar - Wren & Martin āĻāϰ Subject Verb Agreement āĻ
āϧā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Pick up the INCORRECT sentence. [JU IBA 11-12]
A. Justice, as well as mercy, allows it.
B. Each of the sisters are clever.
C. The mob has dispersed.
D. Neither he nor I was there.
Ans: B (āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠āĻā§āϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§)
B āϤ⧠āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻšāĻŦā§- Each of the sisters is clever.
02. The decoration of the new office block, including the furniture and curtains, ---- .
[āĻāύāϤāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāϏāĻā§āύā§āĻ āĻāĻā§āϏāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ]
{āύāϤā§āύ āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏ āĻŦā§āϞāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻāĻž, āĻāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āĻĻāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āϤ,
āĻā§āĻŦ āύāĻāϰāĻāĻžā§āĻž/āύā§āύāĻžāĻāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽ/āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĨ¤ }
A. is more pleasing
B. are more pleasing
C. have most pleasing
D. is most pleasing
Ans:D
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž : āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻā§āύ⧠āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§āύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻ more āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻž, āĻāϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠very āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ most āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
He leads a most unhappy life.
I saw a most beautiful scenery.
He is most unfortunate.
very āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ most + adjective, a most + adjective + noun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ person āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž number āĻāϰ antecedent āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āύāĻŋāĻāĻāϤāĻŽ antecedent āĻāĻŋāϰ number āĻ person āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠relative pronoun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
You are the person who is responsible for this.
= It is you who are responsible for this.
I am the man who helps you.
= It is I who help you.
I am the man who has done it.
You are the man who is to suffer for it.
You are the man who is guilty.
I am your teacher/leader/boss who is giving you this order.
03. You are the man who -- always troubled me.
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϏā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻā§)
[āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻā§āĻžāϰāϞāĻžāĻāύā§āϏ āϞāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āĻĄ, āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ļ]
A. is B. have C. has D. were
Ans:C
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž,
Find out the incorrect word or phrase.
You are the man who have always troubled me.
[āĻŽāĻšāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦāϰāĻā§āώāĻ āĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻ āĻāϰ āĻ
āϧā§āύ⧠āĻ
āĻĄāĻŋāĻāϰ/āĻ
āϧā§āĻā§āώāĻ-ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ž]
A. The B. Man C. Have D. Me
Ans:C
(āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, have āĻāϰ āϏā§āĻĨāϞ⧠has āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤)
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ every/each/no āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠verb āĻāĻŋ singular āĻšā§āĨ¤
03. Each boy and each girl (dress) with a new dress.
(āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻž āύāϤā§āύ āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ)
[RU āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ 2007-08]
A. was dressed B. were dressed
C. dresses D. have dressed
Ans:A
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠with a news dress āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻā§ passive āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ was dressed āĻšāĻŦā§ ( dresses āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤)
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, (āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ dressed with āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤā§
Every āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āύāϰāĻžāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϞā§āĻ verb āĻāĻŋ (3rd person) singular āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ:
Every man, woman and child was killed.
Every man, woman and child on the island has suffered the effects of the fuel shortage.
[BSMRSTU F 15-16]
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==================
āĻā§āĻŦ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ
by far vs so far
1. Those customers are --- the most demanding we've ever had. [āĻāύāĻā§āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻļāύā§āϰ āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ-ā§§ā§§]
A. so far B. by far
C. from far D. since far
Ans: B
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž
by far (āύāĻŋāĻāϏāύā§āĻĻā§āĻšā§) āĻŦāϏ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ superlative + noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ (āϤāĻŦā§ āĻļā§āϧ⧠superlative āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻŦāϏā§) āĻāϰ so far (āĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ) āĻŦāϏ⧠superlative āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĨ¤
He is by far the best player in team.
Salman is the smartest by far.
This is the best so far.
so far
so far āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ "āĻāĻāύ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ (until now, up to the present) āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ present perfect tense āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ tense āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻŦā§ superlative āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠so far āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
This is the best so far. (āĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āϏā§āϰāĻž)
There have been hundreds of thousands of deaths from Covid-19 so far.
More than a thousand people have died of/from covid-19 so far.
Fifty people have died so far due to cold wave.
(āĻļā§āϤā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āĻāĻāύ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāύ āϞā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻā§)
Let's review what has happened so far.
(āĻāĻāύ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āϝāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϞ⧠āϤāĻž āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ)
So far, we haven't had much progress.
(āĻāĻāύ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ, āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāύā§āύāϤāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŋāύāĻŋ)
Bangladesh haven't had a win so far this season.
Several arrests have been made so far by the police.
He has played for his club in 100 matches so far.
Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far. [COU (A) 15-16]
by far /far and away /out and away
by far āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ "āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻļā§ (by a great amount) āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ superlative degree āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
They are by far the best students in the class.
Football is by far/far and away the most popular sport in Britain.
Master is by far the best book of English for competitive exams.
Shalman Shah was the smartest by far.
1. It is --- far the most exciting book that he has ever written. [RU D 16-17]
This book is - far the best one he has ever written.
[CU B2 16-17]
A. on B. in C. by D. at
Ans:C
āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ
the + superlative adjective āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ adverbial āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž adverbial phrase āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
Much/by far/out and away = by a great amount, āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻļā§, in all respects, āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻļā§
(by) far and away = by a very great amount
easily = without doubt, definitely = āύāĻŋāĻāϏāύā§āĻĻā§āĻšā§
Baahubali is much the best film (that) S S Rajamouli has ever directed.
He is by far/out and away/easily the best player in the team.
He is by far/out and away/easily the best student in the class.
He is easily the most experienced teacher in the college.
He is easily the best writer (that) I've ever known.
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
===================
#MASTER āĻŦāĻā§ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ!
āĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧠⧍ā§Ē āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύāĨ¤
ā§Ļā§§
The baby sleeps. Here "sleeps" is a - verb.
[āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻŦā§āϤāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝]
A. neuter B. transitive C. passive D. regular
Ans:D
āϝ⧠āϏāĻāϞ āĻļā§āώ⧠d, ed, t āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠past form āĻāĻŦāĻ past participle āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ weak verb āĻŦāĻž regular verb āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ sleep-slept-slept, work-worked-worked
She sleeps. Here the verb "sleep" is
A. Transitive verb
B. Intransitive verb
C. Be verb
D. Linking verb
Ans:B
verb āĻāϰ object āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun (phrase)/pronoun āύāĻž āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠āϤāĻž intransitive verb (complete verb)
ā§Ļ⧍
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻā§, āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§ āĻāϏāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻĒā§āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
1. Interjections that express a sudden burst of emotion are followed by what kind of punctuation?
[āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻļā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞā§/BSMRSTU F 2018-19]
A. Comma
B. Semicolon
C. Colon
D. Exclamation
Ans:D
2. What part of speech expresses a mild or sudden burst of emotion?
[NSI āĻāϰ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ
āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧧]
A. Conjunction
B. Adjective
C. Interjection
D. Preposition
Ans:C
Interjection āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ Exclamation āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠exclamation mark (!) āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
ā§Ļā§Š
āĻļā§āĻāĻž āĻšā§āĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϝāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻžā§āĻ!
1. Which is the lowest unit of grammar hierarchy?
[āĻĒāĻžā§āϰāĻž āĻŦāύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻāĻĒ-āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āĻļāϞ⧠(āϏāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϞ) ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ļ]
A. Morphemes B. Clause
C. Words D. Sentence
Ans:A
2. Which one is not a grammatical unit?
[āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻā§āώāĻž āĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞā§ā§āϰ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϞāĻŋā§āĻžāύ āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ]
A. Clause B. Morpheme
C. Paragraph D. Phrase
Ans:C
Grammatical Unit Hierarchy (āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻ āĻāϧāĻŋāĻĒāϤā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰāĻž/āĻĒāĻĻāϏā§āĻĒāĻžāύ)
1. Morpheme 2. Word 3. Phrase 4. Clause
5. Sentence
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
āĻāĻāĻā§ āϤāĻĢāĻžā§!
He has given up smoking.
(āϏ⧠āϧā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāύ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§)
He is given to smoking.
(āϏ⧠āϧā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻ
āĻā§āϝāϏā§āϤ/āϧā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻŦ)
ā§Ļā§Ē
āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦā§āύ āύāĻž!
The passive voice of "He made us work" is-
[RU 02-03, IU G 15-16]
(āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ/āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϞ)
A. We was made the work by him.
B. Work was made by him for us.
C. Work were made by him to us.
D. We were made the work for him.
Ans:B
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠make āĻā§ ditransitive verb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ passive voice āĻ direct object "work (noun)" āĻā§ subject āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āύā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϰ indirect object "us" āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ "āĻāύā§āϝ" āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ for āĻŦāϏāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠made āĻā§ causative verb āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠passive voice āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϰā§āĻĒ -
We were made to work by him.
Active : Subject + make (verb) + object + base form
He made us laugh.
Passive: object + aux.verb+ past participle + to + base form (full infinitive/to-infinitive) + (by + subject āĻāĻšā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§)
We were made to laugh (by him).
Active: They made him tell them everything.
Passive: He was made to tell them everything.
ā§Ļā§Ģ
The committee ---- unable to agree on this question.
A. is B. was C. were D. none
Ans:C (British English āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤)
The committee were unable to agree on this question/point. (āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§/āĻŦāĻŋāώā§ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĻŋ)
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠unable to agree = disagree
āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āύā§, āϤāĻžāĻ plural verb (were) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
ā§Ļā§Ŧ
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āύāĨ¤
We'll be getting --- the train in ten minutes.
[RU D, āĻ
-āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻā§āϝ 2015-16]
A. in
B. off
C. up
D. down
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : B. off
(āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻā§āϰā§āύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻŦ/āύāĻžāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦāĨ¤)
āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ⧠āĻāĻ āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠get on āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
I think we got on the wrong train.
āĻāϰ āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠get off (āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ) āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž get down from (āĻāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āύā§) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
I forgot to take my bag with me when I got off the train.
Please, get off the train when it arrives at the station.
Don't get down from a running train.
ā§Ļā§
āĻāĻ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ!
āĻā§āύāĻāĻŋ Abstract noun?
[āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ (āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏāĻžāύāĻĨāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŽ)-⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍]
A. Agency
B. Infant
C. Anxious
D. Grand
Ans: A (Agency-āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ)
Infant (common noun) - infancy (abstract noun)
[infantry (āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύā§)- collective noun ]
Anxious (adjective) - Anxiety (abstract noun)
Grand (adjective) - grandeur (āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāύāĻāĻžāϰ)- abstract noun
ā§Ļā§Ž
MASTER āĻŦāĻā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻ confusion!
āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§ā§ā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
Q: In 1989, this building -- fire.
A. caught B. was caught
C. has caught D. has been caught
Ans: A
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž:
1989 āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āĻ
āϤā§āϤ āϏāĻžāϞ āϤāĻžāĻ past indefinite tense āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻā§āύ āϞāĻžāĻāĻž (to start burning/to begin to burn) āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ catch fire (UK)/catch on fire (US) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ passive āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
She had to be rescued when her house caught fire
(US-caught on fire)
When the grass in the yard caught fire, I thought the whole house was going to burn down.
The car overturned and caught fire.
Her sharee caught fire while she was cooking.
ā§Ļ⧝
Our school is ----- the main road.
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻā§āϞāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϏā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ)
[āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§]
A. on
D. by
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : on
āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ (āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ) āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠on āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§, āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ road, street, avenue āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠on āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
The house is on a very busy road. (OALD, road)
His apartment was on a main road and there was a constant roar of traffic. (CALD, roar)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
ā§§ā§Ļ
āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤ [⧧⧍āϤāĻŽ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ]
A. He is my brother.
B. He is my step brother.
C. He is my elder brother.
D. He is my own brother.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : D
(āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠own āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ Emphasizing adjective
āĻāĻĒāύ āĻāĻžāĻ, āϏ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĻā§āĻāύā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ own āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤)
āĻāĻĒāύ/āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻ/āĻŦā§āύ/āĻŽāĻž/āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž (āĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§) āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤā§
own brother/sister/mother/father āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āϰā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύā§āϏ : Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
āϤ⧠inform on āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄā§āĻŽāĻŋ English to Bangla Dictionary āϤ⧠own āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
ā§§ā§§
āĻ
āĻāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϰā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύā§āϏāϏāĻš āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§ā§āύāĨ¤
A snake can eat and digest animals much larger than ---. [DU B 2013-14]
(āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻžāĻĒ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāĻā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻšāĻāĻŽ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§)
A. it
B. itself
C. its
D. it has
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ B. itself
āϝāĻāύ subject āĻāĻŦāĻ verb/preposition āĻāϰ object āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻāύ object āĻāϰ āϏā§āĻĨāϞ⧠reflexive pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Incorrect: I love me.
Correct: I love myself.
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻž Barron's TOEFL āĻāϰ Problem 50 āĻāϰ Part A āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰ⧠āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
The jaw structure of a snake permits it to eat and digest animals much larger than ---
A. it B. itself C. its D. it has
Ans: B. itself
⧧⧍
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻž āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋ!
I am not - with you.
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āύāĻ)
A. at one
B. agree
Ans:A (at one)
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž
(be verb = am/is/are/was/were) + at one with (sb) = agree with, āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻžāĨ¤
do verb + not + agree with + somebody (sb)
be verb + not + at one with + somebody (sb)
I do not agree with you.
I am not at one with you.
He is not at one with me on this point.
He does not agree with me on this point.
(āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āύā§)
We agree on most things, but on this question we are not at one with each other.
ā§§ā§Š
Prices have increased by ----- 300 percent.
Applications have risen this year by ---- 50%
A. as much as
B. as many as
Ans:A
percent (%) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāĻ as much as āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
ā§§ā§Ē
It costs relatively ---- and you can save a lot.
A. little
B. small
Ans:A
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠cost (verb) āĻā§ modify āĻāϰāϤ⧠adverb āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāĻ little āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
It costs relatively little. It is relatively small.
ā§§ā§Ģ
--- traffic means ----- traffic accidents, people should use public transportation more. [CU E 16-17]
A. more, less B. fewer, fewer
C. a few, less D. less, fewer
E. few, less
Ans:D
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž :
traffic āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ uncountable noun āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ less āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
traffic accidents āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ plural noun āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ fewer āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻ
āĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŽ āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻ
āĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻ āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻāύāĻž, āϞā§āĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻŖāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻšāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ less, fewer āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
ā§§ā§Ŧ
2. Which of the following is not a plural form of 'Buffalo'? [NSI āĻāϰ āĻā§āύāĻŋā§āϰ āĻĢāĻŋāϞā§āĻĄ āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝]
a. Buffaloss b. Buffalos
c. Buffaloes d. Buffalo e. None
Ans: a
Bufallo āĻāϰ plural āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ Buffalo, Buffaloes āĻāĻŦāĻ Buffalos
āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻā§āϝ, plural noun āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠ss āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, Noun āĻāϰ plural āĻāϰāϤ⧠noun āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠s/es āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻ plural noun āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ s āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§ noun āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻ plural āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āϤāĻāύ āĻā§āύ⧠s āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āϞāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ, āĻāĻŋāĻā§ singular noun āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠ss āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ: actress, princess, mistress, mattress āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
ā§§ā§
Which one of the following words is an odd to the others?
[āϏā§āύāĻžāϞ⧠āĻ āĻāύāϤāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻ (āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ)-⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ļ,
āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻŦā§āϤāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻš-āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧧⧝, āϝā§āĻŦ āĻāύā§āύā§āύ āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāϰ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž]
A. Joey B. Filly C. Vixen D. Calf
Ans:C
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž :
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠Joey (āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰā§), Filly (āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§ā§āĻž), Calf (āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϰ) āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāĻāύā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Vixen āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ mother animal āϝāĻž offspring/āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻŦ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻ Vixen āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž (odd)
āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ Mother/Animal : Offspring
ā§§ā§Ž
"Howl" is the sound of -
[āĻĻā§āĻĻāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻ -⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ļ]
A. Apes (āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ) B. Dogs C. Jackals D. Tigers
Ans:C
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§ āϏ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ Jackals, āϏā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠Dogs āĻāϰ sound āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ bark āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāĨ¤
( āϤāĻŦā§ BāĻ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻžāύāϤā§āύ āύāĻž)
P K De Sarkar āĻāϰ āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻā§ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϞ āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻā§ā§ Jackals, Wolves āĻāϰ sound āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ howl āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Cambridge Dictionary āϤ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§
If a dog or wolf howls, it makes a long, sad sound
⧧⧝
Some of the boys ------ did not come.
[MASTER āĻāϰ Clause āĻ
āϧā§āϝāĻžā§ā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ]
A. I invited B. whom I invited them
C. whose i invited D. I invited them
Ans: A
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž
Some of the boys (whom) I invited did not come.
(āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϤ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻ āĻāϏā§āύāĻŋ)
Some of the boys did not come. I invited them.
I invited = (whom) I invited
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠whom āĻā§ āĻāĻšā§āϝ āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
āĻŽā§āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠b) āϤ⧠whom I invited them āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝāĻž āĻā§āϞāĨ¤
āϤāĻŦā§ Formal English āĻ whom I invited āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻāϰ informal writing āĻāĻŦāĻ spoken āĻ whom āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻļāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
B. āϤ⧠them āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
⧍ā§Ļ
Verb form of "Number" is -- [RU E 12-13, 36th BCS]
A. Number
B. Enumerate
Ans : B
number āĻā§ verb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāϰ number āĻāϰ verb form āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠āύā§āĨ¤
break āĻāϰ noun āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ breach āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠breach āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻ verb āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ sit āĻāϰ noun āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ seat āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠seat āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻ verb āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ see āĻāϰ noun āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ sight āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠sight āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻ verb āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ befool āĻāϰ noun āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ fool āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠fool āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻ verb āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰāĻā§āϞā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āύ formation of words āĻ number āĻāϰ verb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ enumerate āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
(A text book of higher English grammar by P K De Sarkar)
āϝā§āĻŽāύ beauty āĻāϰ adjective form āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ beautiful
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ beauty āĻā§āĻ adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
beauty contest, beauty cream
⧍⧧
Anyone of you may take it. I don't care ----
A. who
B. whom
Ans:A
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠who (subject) āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āĻāĻļ āĻāĻšā§āϝ āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Anyone of you may take it. I don't care who.
( = I donât care who will take it.)
⧍⧍
The Sun is up. (āϏā§āϰā§āϝ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠= āϏā§āϰā§āϝ āĻāĻ ā§āĻā§)
Here "up" is
A. Adjective B. Adverb C. Preposition D. Noun
Ans:B
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž : āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϏā§āϰā§āϝ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžā§? (Where is the Sun?)
āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠(up)
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠up = in a high position, at the top
where āĻāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āϤāĻžāĻ adverb
Traditional grammar (P K De Sarkar) āĻāĻŦāĻ Modern grammar/reference āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻž adverb
(āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Merriam Webster dictionary āϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠up āĻā§ adjective āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§)
āϏā§āϰā§āϝ āĻāĻ ā§āĻā§ = The sun is up. = The sun has risen.
āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ,
The heavens are above. (āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāϰā§)
Here "above" is-
A. Preposition B. Adjective C. Adverb D. Noun
Ans:C
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžā§? (Where are the heavens?)
āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠(above)
Where (āĻā§āĻĨāĻžā§) āĻāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āϤāĻžāĻ adverb
ā§¨ā§Š
The mob - dispersed. (āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāϞ āĻāύāϤāĻž āĻāϤā§āϰāĻāĻā§āĻ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§)
A. has B. is C. are D. have
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : A. has
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠have āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž are āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻāĻŋ āĻšā§āĻŦā§āĻšā§ āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ has āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āϰā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύā§āϏ : High School English Grammar - Wren & Martin āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§-⧧⧍
āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ% āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻāĨ¤
āĻāϰ disperse āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠active voice āĻāĻ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary āϤ⧠āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻā§ "The crowd dispersed quickly."
⧍ā§Ē
The child sat mute in the corner of the park.
Here 'mute' is a/an
A. noun B. adjective
C. adverb D. verb
āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ : adjective (adverb āύā§)
āϰā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύā§āϏ : Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
āĻāϰ mute (adjective) āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ āĻšā§āĻŦā§āĻšā§ āϏā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž : āĻāϤāĻā§āϞ⧠verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠context āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāϤāĻžā§ adjective āĻ adverb āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
He went home. (home is adverb)
He went mad. (mad is adjective)
The mother sat vigilantly beside the frightened child. (vigilantly is adverb)
The child sat mute in the corner of the room.
[mute āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ (predicative) adjective, mute āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠adverb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āύāĻž]
The box sat unopened on the shelf.
(unopened is adjective)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
In the public interest : Master Jahangir Alam
============
āĻā§āϰâā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύāĻļā§āϞāϤāĻž!
Formal English āĻāĻŦāĻ Traditional grammar āĻ To be verb āĻāϰ complement āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ Subjective pronoun āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻļāĻ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻž relative clause āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
I wish I were he. (him āύā§, P K DE SARKAR)
You didn't know that it was I who did it.
I'm not sure. It must have been she/he (her/him āύā§) at the door.
[āϤāĻŦā§ conversation āĻ her/him āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠formal English āĻ he/she āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϧāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§ (preferred)]
It was I who first raised the issue in the meeting.
It is we who are to blame. (us āύā§)
It is he whom the committee has chosen. (him āύā§)
It was she/he, not I who put forth the attractive proposition.
It was we who had left before he arrived.
It is he speaking.
āϝāĻž āĻšā§āĻ, Modern standard English/grammar āĻ
to be verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠objective pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠spoken āĻ objective pronoun āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
If anyone's to blame, it's me. (OALD)
A : Who is that/it? (āĻā§ āϰā§?/āĻā§ āĻšā§?)
[āĻĢā§āύ⧠āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§]
B: It's me.
X: Where's Rony?
Y: That's him over there.
(Ref: A Practical English Grammar by A J Thomson & A V Martinet)
From Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
Hello, it's me. (OALD)
A: Who's there?
B: It's me/Only me(OALD)
A: Who came first? (āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻā§ āĻāϏā§āĻā§?)
B: Me! (āĻāĻŽāĻŋ!)
From Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary :
See if you can guess which one is me in my old school photo. (CALD)
It wasn't me who offered to go, It was Rocky.
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ, than āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠Formal English āĻ subject pronoun āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠than āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ conjunction
He is older than I.
(āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻāύ old-fashioned āĻāĻŦāĻ much too formal)
He is taller than I am.
(Modern grammar āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ)
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠Modern standard English āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ spoken English āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻ objective pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠than āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ preposition
You're taller than me. (OALD)
She's taller than him. (OALD)
I'm older than her. (OALD)
I'm taller than her, aren't I (OALD)
She is much taller than me. (CALD)
He's a couple of years older than me. (CALD)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==============
Make (one's) dream come true.
= āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
Through hard work, perseverance and unflinching determination, I have made my dream come true. (āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ, āĻ
āϧā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻžā§ āĻ āĻĻā§ā§ āϏāĻāĻāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύāĻā§ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ)
He underwent through strenuous hard work. He made his dream come true. (āϏ⧠āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāϏāĻžāϧā§āϝ āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰāϞāĨ¤ āϏ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύāĻā§ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻāϰāϞā§āĨ¤)
A dream come true = āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻšāĻā§āĻž
If win, it will be a dream come true. (OALD, dream)
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϤāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§)
Winning the prize was a dream come true.
(āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϤāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻž)
Meeting you is a dream come true for me.
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻžāĻā§āώāĻžā§ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻž)
An incredible series win for Bangladesh by crushing the pride of mighty Australia is a dream come true.
(āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧠āĻ
āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āϞāĻŋā§āĻžāϰ āĻĻāϰā§āĻĒ āĻā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻ
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϝ āϏāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻžāĨ¤)
I will help you to make your dream - true.
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻŦ)
[āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĻŦāύ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āϞāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āĻĄ (āĻāϏāĻŋāϏā§āĻā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻā§-āĻ
āϰā§āĻĄāĻŋāύā§āĻļāύ āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ļ]
A. seem B. grow C. turn D. come
Ans:D
Winning the competition was a dream -- true for me.
[CU B2 2015-16]
I will make your dreams - true. [CU C1 2010-11]
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύāĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŦ)
A. seem B. grow
C. come D. become
Ans:C
I hope your dream --- true. [CU B1 19-20]
(āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§)
A. comes B. seems
C. looks D. turns
Ans:A
Wipe (āĻŽā§āĻāĻž, āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž)
Don't wipe your nose on your sleeve.
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϤāĻžā§ āύāĻžāĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§ āύāĻž)
Wipe your feet on the mat before you come inside.
(āĻāĻŋāϤāϰ⧠āĻāϏāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻā§/āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ⧠āĻŽā§āĻā§)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
===============
All = the only thing & Gone as adjective
1. All we are asking for is a decent quality of life.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠All = the only thing
All āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠that āĻāĻšā§āϝ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
All ( = the only thing) is a decent quality of life.
We are asking for that. āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦā§ā§ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
All (that) we are asking for is a decent quality of life.
= āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āϝāĻž āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϤāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϝāĻĨā§āĻĒāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāϤ āĻā§āĻŦāύāĨ¤
āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ :
All we want now is the mercy of Allah.
(āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϞā§āϞāĻžāĻšāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽāϤ)
All I want is peace and quiet.
(āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āϝāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āϤāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻļāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āύāĻŋāϰāĻŦāϤāĻž)
All I have eaten today is a sandwich.
(āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻā§ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āϏā§āϝāĻžāύāĻāĻāĻ)
2. He has been gone a long time.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ passive voice āύā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠gone āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ adjective āĻā§āĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϞ⧠āĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠gone āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāϰ a long time āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ for āĻā§ āĻāĻšā§āϝ āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
He has been gone (for) a long time.
(āϏ⧠āĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āĻā§)
āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āĻĒ :
He was gone before I arrived.
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻ āϏ⧠āĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞ)
My family has been gone about two months.
(āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
=======
āĻāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻļā§āϰā§āώā§āĻ āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
ā§§āĨ¤ āϏ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤā§āĨ¤ (ā§§ā§Ē āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
He takes after his father.
He resembles his father.
He looks like his father.
He and his father look alike.
He is like his father.
He and his father are alike.
He is similar in appearance to his father.
He and his father are similar in appearance.
He and his father look similar.
He looks the same as his father.
His father and he have got the same appearance.
He bears a resemblance to his father.
He bears a likeness to his father.
He bears a similarity to his father.
⧍āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§āĨ¤ (ā§Ē āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
1. The book is selling well.
Or, The book sells well.
2. The book is going/selling like hot cakes.
Or, The book goes/sells like hot cakes.
3. The book is in great demand.
4. The book has a good sale.
ā§ŠāĨ¤ āϏ⧠āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻāĨ¤ (ā§Ē āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
1. He is a boy of three.
2. He is a three-year old boy.
3. He is a boy of three years of age.
4. He is a boy three years old.
ā§ĒāĨ¤ āϏ⧠āĻāĻ āĻāĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώāĨ¤ (āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
1. He is man of his word.
2. He is true to his word.
3. He is as good as his word.
ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϏ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰāĨ¤ (ā§ĒāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
I am twenty.
I am twenty years old.
I am twenty years of age.
I am a twenty-year-old.
ā§ŦāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĨāĻžā§ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§/āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āϏāϤā§āϝ āύā§āĻāĨ¤ (ā§ĢāĻāĻŋ)
There is not an iota of truth in what she/he says.
There is not a/one grain of truth in what she/he says.
There is not a particle of truth in what she/he says.
There is not a scintilla of truth in what she/he says.
There is not a/one jot of truth in what she/he says.
ā§āĨ¤ āĻāϞāĻŽāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰāĨ¤ (ā§ĒāĻāĻŋ)
The pen belongs to me.
I am the owner of the pen.
I own the pen.
The pen is mine.
ā§ŽāĨ¤ āϏā§āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻž ā§Ē āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤ (ā§ĒāĻāĻŋ)
Sumon has three brothers.
Sumon has three siblings. (siblings = āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āύ)
("āϏā§āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āύ" āĻŦāϞāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāĻŦā§)
Sumon and his brothers are four in number.
Sumon's parents have got four sons.
⧝āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ (ā§Ē āĻāĻŋ)
It is time for prayer.
The time has come for prayer.
It is time to say prayer.
āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋāϤā§āĻ now āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, it is time āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž
The time has come āĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻāĻāύ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§
Now is the time for prayer.
ā§§ā§ĻāĨ¤ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāϞ⧠āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ (ā§ĒāĻāĻŋ)
Time flies.
Time goes by so quickly.
Time passes (by) so quickly.
Time trips by on rosy wings
ā§§ā§§āĨ¤ āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĨ¤ (ā§āĻāĻŋ)
He is senior to me by two years.
He is my senior by two years.
He is two years senior to me.
He is two years my senior.
He two years older than I (am).
He is older than me by two years.
He two years older than me.
āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĒāύ āĻāĻžāĻ-āĻŦā§āύ āĻšāϞ⧠elder (elder than āĻā§āϞ)
He is my elder by two years.
I am his elder by two years.
⧧⧍āĨ¤ āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĨ¤ (ā§ŦāĻāĻŋ)
He is junior to me by two years.
He is my junior by two years.
He is two years my junior.
He is two years younger than I am.
He is younger than me by two years.
He is two years younger than me.
ā§§ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻ
āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻšāϤ āϞāĻāĻāĻž/āĻ
āĻšāĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϤāύā§āϰ āĻŽā§āϞāĨ¤
Pride goes before destruction.
Pride goes before a fall.
Pride comes before a fall.
ā§§ā§ĒāĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻ? (ā§ŠāĻāĻŋ)
Have you ever been abroad?
Have you ever been to a foreign country?
Have you ever visited abroad?
ā§§ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĢā§āϞ āϧāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ (ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
The tree is in flower. (flowers āύā§)
The tree has come into flower. (flowers āύā§)
The tree is in bloom.
The tree is in blossom.
The tree has bloomed.
The tree has blossomed.
The tree has flowered.
The tree has produced flowers.
ā§§ā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĢāϞ āϧāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ (ā§Ģ āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
The tree has borne fruit.
The tree is in fruit.
The tree has fruited.
The tree has produced fruit.
The tree has fruit growing on it.
ā§§ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤ (ā§Š āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ)
I havenât seen him for a long time.
I havenât seen him for long.
I havenât seen for a while.
for a long time/for long /for a while = āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
==============
āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϰāĨ¤
āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ āύā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύāĻļā§āϞāĨ¤
Traditional grammar āĻ āĻāύā§āĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻĨā§ be verb+ born in (a family āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž come of (a family) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ come of, born in āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
He comes of a good family. (TG)
He was born in a poverty-stricken/poor/rich family.
Vyjanthimala was born in a Tamil Iyengar Bramin family. (Wikipedia)
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ Modern grammar āĻ āĻāύā§āĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§
be verb + born into (a family) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠come from, born into āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāϰāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Maradona was born into a poor family. (MG)
Dilip Kumar was born into an Awan family as Mohammad Yousuf Khan. (Wikipedia)
He comes of a good family. (MG)
Diana was born into an aristocratic family. (CALD)
She was born into a very musical family. (OALD)
Correct the following sentence. [34th BCS (Written)]
A) Maradona was born in a poor family.
Ans: Maradona was born into a poor family.
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
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āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ, āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠One ----- one's āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠one, one's āĻāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§ āύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ passive voice āĻ āĻāĻ ā§ āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
One should obey one's parents.
= Parents should be obeyed.
(āĻĒāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ/āĻĒāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŽā§āύ⧠āĻāϞāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ)
One should keep one's promises.
= Promises should be kept.
(āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ/āĻā§āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ)
One should take care of one's health.
= Health should be taken care of.
(āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻĨā§āϝā§āϰ āϝāϤā§āύ āύā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ)
One should not neglect one's duty.
(āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ
āĻŦāĻšā§āϞāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āύā§)
One shouldnât give one's opinion unasked.
(āĻ
āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āύā§)
One must not boast of one's own success.
(āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĢāϞā§āϝ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϰā§āĻŦ āĻāϰāĻž āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āύā§)
āϏāĻŽā§ā§āϰ āϏāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ [āĻāĻŦāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋ ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍]
A. Time should used best.
B. Time should be spent well.
C. One should kill one's time well.
D. One should make the best use of one's time.
Ans:D
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: Master Jahangir Alam
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āĻā§āĻŦ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ, āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύāĨ¤
āĻāĻŋā§, āĻāĻžāϤ, āĻāĻĒā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠on āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Do you sleep on your back or on your front (āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāύā§āĻ)?
(āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋā§ āĻšā§ā§ āύāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒā§ā§ āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ?)
He was lying on his side. (āϏ⧠āĻāĻžāϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻļā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻŋāϞ)
He is lying on his right side.
(āϏ⧠āĻĄāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻļā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻā§)
He is lying on his left side.
(āϏ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻļā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻā§)
He is lying on his back, staring (up) at the ceiling.
[āϏ⧠(āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻĒāϰā§) āϏāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻā§ā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻŋā§ āĻšā§ā§ āĻļā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻā§]
He is lying on his front.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻĒā§ā§ āĻšā§ā§ āĻļā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻā§)
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠on (one's) stomach āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Lie on your stomach with your arms by your side.
The doctor asked him to lie down on his stomach.
I lay on my stomach on the beach.
āĻāϰāĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύāĨ¤
āĻāĻžāĻ āϞā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āϞ āĻā§āĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
He cut his finger on a piece of glass.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
I wrote on a small piece of paper.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻā§āϰāĻ āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧠āĻāϏāĻŦ/āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧠āĻāϏāĻāĻŋ/āĻĢāĻŋāϰāĻāĻŋāĨ¤
I will be right back/ I will be right with you ( = I will return very soon).
āĻāϰāĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ,
āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠on an empty stomach āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠on a full stomach āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ (in āύā§)
You will take this medicine on an empty stomach.
Never go swimming on a full stomach.
You shouldnât go to work on an empty stomach.
You shouldnât exercise on a full stomach.
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠stomach āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻšā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļā§ (āĻŦā§āĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļā§) āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠in the stomach āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
He punched me in the stomach.
The attacker kicked him in the stomach.
He was stabbed in the stomach during a street brawl.
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
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'āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻž' āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ 'āϏāĻŽā§ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻā§'āĨ¤
Time flies. /Time trips by on rosy wings.
= āϏāĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻ
āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§/āĻā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžā§/āĻāϞ⧠āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
Times flies/trips by on rosy wings when we are having fun/we are enjoying ourselves.
(āĻŽāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāϞ⧠āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤)
Trip by on rosy wings = āĻā§āϞāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž
= āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻ
āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻž/āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāϞ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž /āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Two hours tripped by on rosy wings while we were talking on the phone. (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĢā§āύ⧠āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻāύā§āĻāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āϞ)
Time has flown since the holiday began.
(āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāϞā§/āĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻā§)
How time flies! (āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϤ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāϞ⧠āϝāĻžā§!)
I've got to go now. (āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāύ āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§)
Time hangs heavy = āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžā§ āύāĻž, āϏāĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āϧā§āϰāĻāϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻ
āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Time hangs heavy on me sitting idle at home.
(āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋāϤ⧠āĻ
āϞāϏ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžā§ āύāĻž)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
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āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāύā§āύāĨ¤
'He is growing up'- āĻāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻšāϞā§
[āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϞā§āϝāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ⧠⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Š]
A. āϏ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĨ¤
B. āϏ⧠āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻ āĻā§āĨ¤
C. āϏ⧠āĻŦā§ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
D. āϏ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰā§āϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāύā§āύāϤāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ C. He is growing up. = āϏ⧠āĻŦā§ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŦ āϏāϞā§āĻļāύ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻā§āϞ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻā§ ("āϏ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰā§āϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāύā§āύāϤāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻā§" āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻā§)
A text book of advanced functional English by Mohiuddin & Kashem
āĻŦā§ āĻšāϞ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤
You will understand everything when you will grow up.
(āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϞ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻŦā§- --- when you grow up. āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ Future indefinite + when + present indefinite tense)
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary āĻĨā§āĻā§-
grow up = to develop into an adult
āĻŦā§ āĻšāĻā§āĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŦā§āϏā§āĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻžāĨ¤
Their children have all grown up and left home now. (OALD)
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary āĻĨā§āĻā§-
Grow up = to gradually become an adult
I grew up in Scotland. (CALD)
Taking responsibility for yourself is part of the process of growing up. (CALD)
He wants to be a pilot when he grows up. (OALD)
(āϏ⧠āĻŦā§ āĻšā§ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϞāĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻāĻžā§)
She wants to be a doctor when she grows up. (CALD)
(āϏ⧠āĻŦā§ āĻšā§ā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻāĻžā§)
He is going to be a dentist when he grows up.
(T&M, 204)
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ
=============
āĻāϏā§āύ āĻā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ translation
ā§§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻļā§āύāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āύāĻž/āϞā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
You are not amenable to reason.
⧍āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻžāĻāĻ āĻ āĻžāĻāĻāĨ¤/āĻāĻžāĻā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻŦā§āĻāĨ¤
Brothers will part.
ā§ŠāĨ¤ āϏ⧠āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻāϤā§āύāĻšāĻžāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āϞāĨ¤
āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āϏ⧠āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
He was beside himself with joy.
āĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋāĻāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋāύāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāϰ āĻļā§āύ⧠āϏ⧠āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻā§āĻĢā§āϞā§āϞ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāĻ āϞā§āĨ¤
He was beside himself with joy on learning about his success at the BCS preliminary examination.
ā§ĒāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ āĻāϰ āϧāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤
He is beside himself with joy.
Or, His joy knows no bounds.
āĻĒā§āϤā§āϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§ āϏāĻžāĻĢāϞā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻāĻĻā§āϰāϞā§āĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŽāĻž āϰāĻāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤
At the news of his son's success at BCS examination, the joy of the gentleman knew no bounds.
āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŽāĻž āύā§āĻāĨ¤
His sorrows know no bounds.
ā§ĢāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻā§ āĻāϰ āĻāϰ āĻāϰāĻā§āύāĨ¤
He is boiling with rage.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϰā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āϞā§āύāĨ¤
He flew (āĻĢā§āϞā§) into a rage.
āĻāĻ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻļā§āύā§/āĻļā§āύāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻā§/āϰā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āϞā§āύāĨ¤
On hearing that, he flew into a rage.
ā§ŦāĨ¤ āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻā§āύ āϝāĻžāĻŦ?
I can go, but why should I?
ā§āĨ¤ āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ/āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤
He is my own brother.
āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ/āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āύāĨ¤
She is my own sister.
āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ/āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĨ¤
She is my own mother.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ/āĻāĻĒāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĨ¤
He is my own father.
ā§ŽāĨ¤ āϏāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āϏāϤā§āϝ āϤāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻāĨ¤
Man is the measure of all things.
⧝āĨ¤ āϏ⧠āĻŦā§ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
He is growing up.
ā§§ā§ĻāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏā§āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āύāĻžāĻāĨ¤
I am not on good terms with him. (in āύā§)
āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĨāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻšā§ āύāĻž/āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
I am not on speaking terms with him.
ā§§ā§§āĨ¤ āϏā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻāĨ¤ May you be happy.
āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšāĻāĨ¤ May you be successful.
⧧⧍āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻž āϧāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
I have a bad headache.
ā§§ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽ āĻā§āϤā§/āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻŽāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
A ripe (āϰāĻžāĻāĻĒ) mango is sweet to the taste.
Or, Ripe mangoes taste sweet.
āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽ āĻā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻ āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
A green mango is sour to the taste.
Green mangoes taste sour.
āĻĢāϞāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϤā§/āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻŽāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
The fruit is sweet to the taste.
ā§§ā§ĒāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻāϰāĻž āϞā§āĻāĨ¤
He is a man of repute.
(TG āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠a reputed man āύā§)
ā§§ā§ĢāĨ¤ āϏ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ/āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻā§ āĻšā§?
What is he/she to you?
ā§§ā§ŦāĨ¤ āϏ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϞ?
What did he whisper in/into your ears?
Or, What did he whisper to you?
āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§: āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻŽ