āĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋāĻāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ
Completing Sentence
Rule 1: If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite
Example:
If he wants, I shall help him.
Rule 2: If + Past Indefinite + would / could/ might + verb (present form)
Example:
If he came, I would go.
Rule 3: If + Past Perfect + would have/ could have/ might have + verb( past participle form)
Example:
If I had seen him, I could have told him the news.
Rule 4: Relative pronoun- â hgb who, which, what, that, whose, whom BZ¨vw` â Kvb Incomplete Sentence Gi â kâĄl _vKâĄj GâĄ`i Antecedent Gi number I person Abyhvqx cieZŠx verb wbaŠvwiZ nâĄq _vâĄK| â hgb:
Incomplete: I know the boy who__________.
Complete: I know the boy who stood first.
Incomplete: I have a pet dog which _______.
Complete: I have a pet dog which likes meat.
Rule 5: It is time ( GLbB mgq/ GLbB DchyÂŗ mgq) + to + verb(present form) + ..........
Examples:
It is time to start the work.
It is time to leave the place.
Rule 6: It is time + subject + verb (past form) + ...........
Examples:
It is time we went home.
It is time they earned their livelihood.
Rule 7: It is time + for + personal object + to verb (present form) + .........
Examples:
It is time for us to attack the enemy.
It is time for them to start the work.
It is time for them to start the work.
Rule 8: Present Indefinite + as if/ as though (â hb) + Past Indefinite.
Examples:
He tells the story as if he knew it.
He runs fast as though he were a mad man.
They donate money as if they were rich man.
Rule 9: Past Indefinite + as if/ as though + past perfect.
Examples:
Reyad told the story as if he had known it.
She proceeded as though I had not spoken.
Rule 10: Would you mind ( `qv AâĄ_Š ) + verb(ing) + .........?
Examples:
Would you mind taking a cup of tea?
Would you mind opening the door?
Rule 11: Without + verb (ing) + (meaningful negative sentence).
Examples:
Without reading more you cannot pass.
Without taking physical exercise we cannot keep our body fit.
Rule 12: By + verb (ing) + (meaningful affirmative sentence).
Examples:
By reading more we can learn more.
By drinking clean water you can keep your body fit.
Rule 13: ......... though/ although/ in spite of/ despite of + (Alternative meaningful sentence).
Examples:
Though he is poor, he is honest.
In spite of his poverty, he helps the poor.
Rule 14: ....... unless/ if.....not + (meaningful affirmative sentence)
Examples:
Unless you read attentively, you will fail.
If you not start at once, you will miss the train.
Rule 15: ........ instead of/ in lieu of + (meaningful word or sentence)
Examples:
Instead of history he took logic.
He ate fish in lieu of meat.
Rule 16: āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻĒ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠Let alone āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻšāĻž āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ Negative āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Example:
He can not pass in the third division, let alone in the first division.
Rule 17: Until/Till āϝā§āĻā§āϤ Incomplete Sentence āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Full Sentence āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϤā§āϤ Incomplete Sentence- āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§ Complete āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ affirmative āĻšā§āĨ¤
Example: Wait until the rain stops.
Rule 18: Lest āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ âāĻĒāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§ āĻšā§ āϝā§â (for fear that)
Lest negative āĻāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ Lest āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝ⧠Clause āĻāϰāĻŽā§āĻ āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāϤ⧠no āĻŦāĻž not āĻŦāϏ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝ⧠Clause āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠Should/ Might āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example:
He ran away lest he might / should be seen.
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