#Article
Article āĻšāϞ⧠āĻŽā§āϞāϤ adjective āϝāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠noun āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āύāĻž āĻ
āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤
Articles are basically adjectives defining a noun as specific or unspecific. The and a/an are called articles.
Example:
The boy was standing on the
After working for a long time, a cup of tea really stimulates us.
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖā§, article âtheâ a boy āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ a roof āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖā§, article âaâ āĻ
āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠âlong timeâ āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠âcup of teaâ āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤
Classification:
In English, articles are classified into two types:
āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĻā§âāϧāϰāĻŖā§āϰ article āĻāĻā§:
Definite Article and
Indefinite Article
Definite Article
âTheâ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ definite article āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ nounāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
âTheâ is referred to as a definite article. It is used to modify specific or particular nouns.
Example:
I really liked the book you gave me.
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠article âtheâ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āϝāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§ āĨ¤
Indefinite Article
A/an āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ indefinite article āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ āĨ¤ āĻ
āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ noun āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠A/an āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
The word a/an is called an indefinite article. A/an is used to refer to non-specific or non-particular nouns.
Example:
I am looking for a book of arts.
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠article âaâ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠arts āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āĨ¤
I am looking for an English book.
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠article âanâ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠English āĻŦāĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āĨ¤
Use of Articles:
āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠article āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϞ⧠āĨ¤
General and Exceptional Use of a/an:
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ consonant āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§ āĻ
āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠âaâ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ vowel (a, e, i , o, u) āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§ āĻ
āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠âanâ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Generally, âaâ is used before a word starting with a consonant to denote a non-specific thing. âAnâ is placed before a word that starts with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) to denote a non-specific thing.
Example:
I saw a dog there.
I saw an ant on the cake.
āĻāĻ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāĻā§ āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ: āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ
āĻā§āώāϰ consonant āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ vowel āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ âaâ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠âanâ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Example:
She is an honorable member of the Parliament.
My father was an honest doctor.
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ vowel āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠consonant āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ âanâ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠âaâ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Example:
This is a UK based company.
This is a university where students can study in a sound environment.
General Use of âTheâ:
Singular/Plural noun āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ âTheâ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
âTheâ is used before singular/plural nouns to specify it.
Example:
The student I met at the library was really
The boys of this school are good at Football.
Indefinite/ Definite article before an Adjective:
āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ article āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ adjective āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ noun āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ āĻšāĻŦā§ :
Sometimes an article denotes a noun modified by an adjective. The order of the words will be as follows:
Article+ Adjective+ Noun
Example:
I saw the little girl singing in the party.
This is a small gift from
I heard an interesting news on TV.
Articles before Countable and Uncountable Nouns:
A/an āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ countable noun āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
A/an can be used before the countable nouns only.
Example:
Give me a glass of water.
She wants a bottle of milk.
āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύ āύāĻž âGive me a waterâ /âShe wants a milkâ āĨ¤
âUncountable nounâ āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ The āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž article āĻā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āϝāĻžā§ āĨ¤
Example:
âGive me the waterâ (specific water) or âGive me waterâ (any water).
âShe bought the milk from this market.â (specific milk) Alternatively, âShe bought milk from this market.â (any milk)
Never use an article before a Pronoun:
Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāύ⧠article āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āύāĻž āĨ¤ Pronoun, noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻāĻ noun āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻļā§āύāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āϞāĻžāĻā§ āĨ¤ Pronoun āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ noun āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ article āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύ āύā§āĻ āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āύ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝāĻž āĻā§āϞ āĨ¤
Articles should never be used before pronouns. Pronouns are used instead of nouns because if you use the same noun time and again, it will not sound good. A pronoun is specifying a noun, so there is no need to use an article before it. If you use, there would be a double specification which is wrong.
Example:
She is reading the my (Incorrect)
She is reading my book. (Correct)
Never use an article before Real Nouns:
Real noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāύ⧠article āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āύāĻž āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ: āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ, āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āĻĻā§āĻļ, āĻāĻžāώāĻž, āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠, āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžā§ , āĻšā§āϰāĻĻ , āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĨ¤
Articles should never be used before real nouns, i.e., names of people, places, countries, languages, academic subjects, mountains, lakes, islands, continents, etc.
Example:
The Argentina played really (Incorrect)
Argentina played really (Correct)
She is learning the Chinese. (Incorrect)
She is learning Chinese. (Correct)
She is good at the Mathematics. (Incorrect)
She is good at Mathematics. (Correct)
This rule has few exceptions in the following cases:
āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāĻā§:
A union of countries (āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ ) like the United States, the Netherlands etc.
A group of some lakes (āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻšā§āϰāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰ ) like the East African lakes, etc.
Ranges of mountains (āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦāϤāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻž ) like the Rockies or the Andes, etc.
Island chains (āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĒāĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ ) like the Hebrides, the Canary Islands, etc.
Names of oceans, seas, and rivers (āϏāĻžāĻāϰ, āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϏāĻžāĻāϰ, āύāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ) like the Ganges, the Pacific, the Atlantic, etc.
Points on the globe (āĻā§āϞā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ ) like the North pole, the South pole, etc.
Geographical areas (āĻā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ ) like the East, the West, the Middle East, etc.
Peninsulas, forests, deserts, and gulfs (āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĒ, āĻŦāύ , āĻŽāϰā§āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ , āĻāĻĒāϏāĻžāĻāϰ) like the Iberian Peninsula, the Black Forest, the Sundarbans, the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, etc.
Implied Article or Zero Article:
āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ article āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āύāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠article āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ implied article/ âzero articlesâ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Sometimes articles are omitted before certain nouns where the article is implied but not actually visible. These implied articles are also called âzero articlesâ.
Example:
Letâs go for a long drive tonight. (Incorrect)
Letâs go for long drive (Correct)
The fortune favors the brave. (Incorrect)
Fortune favors the brave. (Correct)
The perseverance is a valuable quality of human (Incorrect)
Perseverance is a valuable quality of human (Correct)
Article
By âââââââââââââââ āϏā§āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ ā§Ļā§Ē, ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝
ââ Transformation of Sentences-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϏā§āĻ/āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϞ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϤ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āύ/āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§āύ:
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